Kinerja Industri Kecil Pengolahan Kopi Di Kota Palembang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31851/jmwe.v20i1.11514Abstract
ABSTRAK
Kota Palembang termasuk sentra produksi kopi yang ada di Sumatera Selatan. Studi ini mengidentifikasi industri pengolahan kopi di daerah ini adalah industri skala mikro kecil yang memiliki tenaga kerja 1 sampai 19 orang. Fenomena yang terjadi selama beberapa tahun terakhir, terjadi banyak kenaikan harga bahan baku makanan dan minuman. Kondisi ini turut menekan industri pengolahan kopi yang memiliki potensi kopi olahan sebagai komoditas unggulan. Kenaikan harga bahan baku akan berdampak pada kenaikan biaya produksi. Kondisi seperti inilah yang harus mampu disiasati oleh usaha pengolahan kopi untuk tetap eksis dalam industri pangan di Sumatera Selatan. Pola tanggapan yang dilakukan dalam lingkup persaingan industri inilah yang disebut dengan perilaku pasar. Berhasil atau tidaknya strategi dan perilaku yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar dapat dilihat dari kinerja yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualiitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner. Responden penelitian berjumlah 37 perusahaan pengolahan kopi skala kecil yang terdapat di Kota Palembang. Perusahaan pengolahan kopi yang dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian adalah yang menghasilkan produk akhir berupa kopi bubuk. Data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah data yang diperoleh langsung melalui penyebaran kuesioner yang diisi oleh perusahaan pengolahan kopi skala kecil yang terdapat di Kota Palembang. Analisis mengunakan metode penelitian desk riptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan SCP untuk menganalisis struktur, perilaku, dan kinerja industri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja industri pengolahan kopi di Kota Palembang menunjukkan tingkat profitabilitas yang normal serta tingkat efisiensi internal industri yang cukup baik. Struktur pasar industri pengolahan kopi yang bersifat persaingan monopolistik berdampak pada kinerja industri yang juga dilihat dari rasio efisiensi yang memperlihatkan sebagian besar industri menunjukkan efisiensi yang baik pada penggunaan kapasitas mesin pengolah.
Kata Kunci: Struktur, perilaku, kinerja, industri kecil
ABSTRACT
Palembang is a coffee production center in South Sumatra. This research explained the coffee processing industry that a micro-small scale industry which has a workforce of one to nineteen workers. The fact that has happened over in the period of few years ago, has seen a lot of increase in the price of raw materials for food and beverages. This condition also puts pressure on the coffee processing industry which has the potential of processed coffee as a superior commodity. The trend of increasing in rough essential prices will have an effect to the increase in production costs. It is condition that coffee processing businesses must be able to deal to continue to remain in the food industry in South Sumatra. The pattern of responses carried out within the scope of industrial competition is called market behavior. The success or failure of the strategy and behavior adopted by the company in facing market competition can be seen from the performance produced by the company. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The data used is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires. The research respondents were 37 small-scale coffee processing companies in Palembang City. Coffee processing companies that are used as research samples are those that produce the final product in the form of ground coffee. The primary data in this study is data obtained d
irectly through the distribution of questionnaires filled out by small-scale coffee processing companies in the city of Palembang. The analysis uses a qualitative descriptive research method with the SCP approach to analyze the structure, behavior and performance of the industry. The results showed that the performance of the coffee processing industry in Palembang City showed a normal level of profitability and a fairly good level of industry internal efficiency. The market structure of the coffee processing industry which is monopolistic competition has an impact on industry performance which is also seen from the efficiency ratio which shows that most of the industry shows good efficiency in the use of processing machine capacity.
Keywords : Performance, Structure, Conduct, Small Scale Industry
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