The Effect of Hold Relax Heating on Hamstring Muscle Flexibility: Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31851/hon.v9i1.20846Abstract
This study reviews the effect of hold-relax (PNF) warming up on hamstring muscle flexibility through a literature review of articles published between 2015 and 2024. The search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest using PICOS criteria. Experimental studies and randomized controlled trials in athletes and non-athletes that tested hold-relax compared to static stretching or other interventions were discussed. The review results showed that most studies reported an increase in range of motion (ROM) and a reduction in hamstring stiffness after the application of hold-relax, including acute and short-term effects; some studies found equivalent effectiveness to static stretching. The physiological mechanism described involves isometric contraction that triggers autogenic inhibition through the Golgi tendon organ, thereby decreasing alpha-motor neuron excitability and increasing stretch tolerance. Although effective, evidence is still limited regarding the long-term effects on injury prevention and neuromuscular adaptation. Further research is recommended to determine the optimal protocol and clinical impact on performance and injury incidence.
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