Technology Integration In Physical Education Learning In Schools: Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31851/hon.v9i1.20870Abstract
The swift progression of digital technology is fundamentally reshaping educational methodologies, including those in physical education (PE), by presenting distinct advantages and formidable obstacles for institutions. This systematic literature review (SLR) was specifically designed to evaluate the existing scientific literature on integrating technology into school based PE instruction. The review followed rigorous, established procedures: formulating clear research questions, searching major academic databases, screening and selecting relevant articles, appraising the quality of the selected studies, and finally, synthesizing the gathered data. We focused on high-quality studies published between 2020 and 2025 that explored technology integration in PE. After applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten studies were chosen and assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The resulting data underwent both annotated bibliographic and qualitative content analysis. The core findings affirm that the strategic integration of various technologies including learning management systems, digital resources, video modeling, augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), gamification, and wearable devices yields positive effects on PE outcomes. These tools notably boost student motivation, engagement, the development of motor skills, and subject knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, they facilitate individualized instruction and the provision of immediate, real-time feedback. However, the review also pinpointed significant challenges. These include disparities in technological access, insufficient school infrastructure, a lack of teacher preparedness and digital literacy, misalignment between technology and pedagogical goals, high maintenance expenses, and issues concerning data privacy. Nevertheless, successful implementation can be achieved through key facilitating factors: robust administrative leadership, ongoing professional development for teachers, reliable technological infrastructure, and instructional design that is closely aligned with pedagogical principles. Ultimately, this review confirms that integrating technology in PE holds substantial promise for elevating learning effectiveness and student performance, provided it is executed thoughtfully and supported by adequate resources. Future scholarship should concentrate on creating PE technology models that are inclusive, sustainable, and tailored to specific educational.
References
Akinola, Y. M., Agbonifo, O. C., & Sarumi, O. A. (2020). Virtual Reality as a tool for learning: The past, present and the prospect. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.2.10
Alkasasbeh, W., & Amawi, A. (2024). Elevating Physical Education Teacher Through Technology Integration. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v18i02.43669
Almusawi, H. A., Durugbo, C. M., & Bugawa, A. M. (2021). Innovation in physical education: Teachers’ perspectives on readiness for wearable technology integration. Computers and Education, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104185
Arena, F., Collotta, M., Pau, G., & Termine, F. (2022). An Overview of Augmented Reality. In Computers (Vol. 11, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11020028
Arif, Y. M., Nugroho, F., Aini, Q., Fauzan, Abd. C., & Garcia, M. B. (2024). A Systematic Literature Review of Serious Games for Physical Education. In Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design Book Series, 1–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3952-7.ch001
Asrori, N. (2022). MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN OLAHRAGA SENAM LANTAI DENGAN AUGMENTED REALITY BERBASIS ANDROID. Jurnal Informatika Dan Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.33365/jatika.v2i4.1613
Bae, M. H. (2023). The Effect of a Virtual Reality-Based Physical Education Program on Physical Fitness among Elementary School Students. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 52(2). https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i2.11890
Baker, B. J., Zhou, X., Pizzo, A. D., Du, J., & Funk, D. C. (2017). Collaborative self-study: Lessons from a study of wearable fitness technology and physical activity. Sport Management Review, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2016.10.008
Boeske, J. (2023). Leadership towards Sustainability: A Review of Sustainable, Sustainability, and Environmental Leadership. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 15, Issue 16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612626
Bossavit, B., & Arnedillo-Sánchez, I. (2023). Motion-based technology to support motor skills screening in developing children: A scoping review. In Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine (Vol. 240). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107715
Carvalho, U. C. D. A., & Leal, F. S. F. (2024). Educação física escolar em tempos de pandemia de covid-19: Periferia. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12957/periferia.2024.75144
ChanLin, L. J. (2008). Technology integration applied to project-based learning in science. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 45(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/14703290701757450
Chen, X. (2022). Sports Video Panorama Synthesis Technology Based on Edge Computing and Video Shot Boundary Detection. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4060852
Damayanti, D., & Nuzuli, A. K. (2023). EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI KOMUNIKASI DALAM PENGAJARAN METODE PENDIDIKAN TRADISIONAL DI SEKOLAH DASAR. Journal of Scientech Research and Development, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.56670/jsrd.v5i1.130
Fernandez-Rio, J., de las Heras, E., González, T., Trillo, V., & Palomares, J. (2020). Gamification and physical education. Viability and preliminary views from students and teachers. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1743253
Ferriz-Valero, A., Østerlie, O., Martínez, S. G., & García-Jaén, M. (2020). Gamification in physical education: Evaluation of impact on motivation and academic performance within higher education. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124465
Francom, G. M. (2016). Barriers to Technology Use in Large and Small School Districts. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 15. https://doi.org/10.28945/3596
Furkan Kurnaz, M., & Koçtürk, N. (2025). A Meta-Analysis of Gamification’s Impact on Student Motivation in K-12 Education. Psychology in the Schools, 4997–5009. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.70056
Gao, X., Ruan, J., Gao, J., Xie, M., Zhang, Z., Liu, T., & Fu, Y. (2025). From Motion Signals to Insights: A Unified Framework for Student Behavior Analysis and Feedback in Physical Education Classes. http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06525
Getenet, S., & Tualaulelei, E. (2023). Using interactive technologies to enhance student engagement in higher education online learning. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2023.2244597
Ghavifekr, S., & Rosdy, W. A. W. (2015). Teaching and learning with technology: Effectiveness of ICT integration in schools. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.21890/ijres.23596
Ha, T., Moon, J., Yu, H., Fan, X., & Paulson, L. (n.d.). A systematic review of technology-infused physical activity interventions in K-12 school settings: effectiveness, roles, and implementation strategies. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 22(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-025-01811-x
Harding, A. I. S., Fajardo, P. E., & Berenguer, S. A. (2021). Information and Communication Technologies in Physical Education: Bibliometric analysis. Retos, 42. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V42I0.87761
Hartwig, T. B., del Pozo-Cruz, B., White, R. L., Sanders, T., Kirwan, M., Parker, P. D., Vasconcellos, D., Lee, J., Owen, K. B., Antczak, D., Lubans, D. R., & Lonsdale, C. (2019). A monitoring system to provide feedback on student physical activity during physical education lessons. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 29(9). https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13438
Hennessy, S., Wishart, J., Whitelock, D., Deaney, R., Brawn, R., Velle, L. la, McFarlane, A., Ruthven, K., & Winterbottom, M. (2007). Pedagogical approaches for technology-integrated science teaching. Computers and Education, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2006.02.004
Heryl, K. (2020). Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Audio Visual Untuk; Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sepakbola Dalam; Pembelajaran Penjas. SELL Journal, 5(1).
Indarto, P., Nasuka, N., Hidayatullah, M. F., Sulaiman, S., Setyawati, H., Raharjo, H. P., & Suryadi, D. (n.d.). What is the learning model of physical education in the digital era? Literature review of various studies. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, 61, 156–163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109583
Juniu, S., Shonfel, M., & Ganot, A. (2013). Technology integration in physical education teacher education programs: a comparative analysis. Actualidades Investigativas En Educación, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.15517/aie.v13i3.12044
Kuleva, M. (2024). Exploring the Integration of Virtual Reality in Physical Education: A Comprehensive Review. Vide. Tehnologija. Resursi - Environment, Technology, Resources, 2, 197–201. https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2024vol2.8057
Liu, H., Zhu, J., Duan, Y., Nie, Y., Deng, Z., Hong, X., Haugen, M., Baker, J. S., & Liang, W. (2022). Development and students’ evaluation of a blended online and offline pedagogy for physical education theory curriculum in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Educational Technology Research and Development, 70(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-022-10131-x
Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Madrigal-Cerezo, R. (2025). Technology-Enhanced Pedagogy in Physical Education: Bridging Engagement, Learning, and Lifelong Activity. Education Sciences, 15(4), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040409
Marttinen, R., Rodrigues, A. I. C., Centeio, E. E., & Mercier, K. (2025). Utilising Technology in Physical Education. 81–94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003411758-7
Marttinen, R., Landi, D., Fredrick, R. N., & Silverman, S. (2020). Wearable digital technology in PE: Advantages, barriers, and teachers’ ideologies. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.1123/JTPE.2018-0240
Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., & Baki, M. (2013). The effectiveness of online and blended learning: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Teachers College Record, 115(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811311500307
Mereuta, C., & Mereuta, E. (2013). Psychomotor Stimulation of Students in Physical Education Using Audiovisual Media. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.798
Mokmin, N. A. M., & Rassy, R. P. (2024). Review of the trends in the use of augmented reality technology for students with disabilities when learning physical education. Education and Information Technologies, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11550-2
Mulato, N., Hidayatulloh, F. S., Purnama, S. K., & Syaifullah, R. (2024). Optimization of Learning Physical Education In Digital Era: A Systematic Review. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, 54, 844–849. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.105211
Mustafa, P. S., & Masgumelar, N. K. (2022). Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Sikap, Pengetahuan, dan Keterampilan dalam Pendidikan Jasmani. Biormatika : Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.35569/biormatika.v8i1.1093
Ningthoujam, R. (2016). Construction and importance of video based analyses teaching in physical education by use of window live movie maker. Video Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40990-016-0003-2
Nopembri, S., Saryono, S., Muktiani, N. R., Listyarinni, A. E., & Shahril, M. I. Bin. (2022). Digital technology in physical education distance learning during pandemic: teachers’ perspective. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v10i1.48374
Nuraini, S., & Mas’odi, M. (2024). Bridging Theory and Practice: Implementation of Audio-Visual Media in Physical Education Classes. Assyfa Journal of Multidisciplinary Education, 1(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.61650/ajme.v1i1.528
Pasco, D. (2013). The Potential of Using Virtual Reality Technology in Physical Activity Settings. Quest, 65(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2013.795906
Pérez-Muñoz, S., Castaño Calle, R., Morales Campo, P. T., & Rodríguez-Cayetano, A. (2024). A Systematic Review of the Use and Effect of Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality in Physical Education. Information (Switzerland), 15(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/info15090582
Putri, S. Z., & Bhakti, Y. H. (2025). Technology Utilization in Physical Education Learning in Elementary Schools: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 8(1), 204–212. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jlls.v8i1.91575
Rahayu, E. T. (2013). Tujuan Pendidikan Jasmani. NBER Working Papers.
Russo, L., Micozzi, M., Racil, G., Larion, A., Lupu, E., Padulo, J., & Migliaccio, G. M. (2024). Decoding Motor Skills: Video Analysis Unveils Age-Specific Patterns in Childhood and Adolescent Movement. Children, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/children11111351
Saiz-González, P., Sierra-Díaz, J., Iglesias, D., & Fernandez-Rio, J. (2025). Exploring physical education teachers’ willingness and barriers to integrating digital technology in their lessons. Education and Information Technologies, 30(5), 5965–5987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13060-9
Septiana, R. A., Kurnia, D., & Friskawati, G. F. (2022). Pengembangan Video Assignment Based on Motion Analysis (Vabma) Pada Pembelajaran Senam Lantai. Physical Activity Journal, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.20884/1.paju.2022.4.1.6145
Siddiqui, S., Thomas, M., & Soomro, N. N. (2020). Technology integration in education: Source of intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy and performance. Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1135188
Suardi. (2023). Evaluation of the Impact of Using Technology in Physical Education Learning at Serambi Mekkah University. International Journal Education and Computer Studies (IJECS), 3(2), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.35870/ijecs.v3i2.1861
Suo, X., Tang, W., & Li, Z. (2024). Motion Capture Technology in Sports Scenarios: A Survey. Sensors, 24(9), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24092947
Suyuti, S., Ekasari Wahyuningrum, P. M., Jamil, M. A., Nawawi, M. L., Aditia, D., & Ayu Lia Rusmayani, N. G. (2023). Analisis Efektivitas Penggunaan Teknologi dalam Pendidikan Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar. Journal on Education, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i1.2908
Tohănean, D. I., Vulpe, A.-M., Mijaică, R., & Alexe, D. I. (2025). Embedding Digital Technologies (AI and ICT) into Physical Education: A Systematic Review of Innovations, Pedagogical Impact, and Challenges. Applied Sciences, 15(17), 9826. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179826
Tolentino, J. C. G., Campo, J. C., Licup, T. O., Lumba, E. G., & Lingat, E. G. (2024). Technology Integration in Physical Education Curriculum Implementation in the Philippines: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(7), 2906–2918. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.07.37
Tumaloto, E. H., Ilham, A., Bernanda Rizky, O., & Datau, S. (2024). Edukasi Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Berbasis Augmented Reality. Lamahu: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Terintegrasi, 3(2), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.37905/ljpmt.v3i2.26862
Wang, C., Omar Dev, R. D., Soh, K. G., Mohd Nasirudddin, N. J., Yuan, Y., & Ji, X. (2023). Blended learning in physical education: A systematic review. In Frontiers in Public Health (Vol. 11). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1073423
Widyaningsih, H., Yulianti, E., & Setiawan, I. (2021). Physical education learning model base on information, communication technology. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(S3). https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns3.1838
Wu, H. K., Lee, S. W. Y., Chang, H. Y., & Liang, J. C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers and Education, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024
Yao, H., Wang, Y., Montenegro-Marin, C. E., & Hsu, C. H. (2021). Internet of things-based technological acceptance learning management framework for the physical education system. Technology and Health Care, 29(6). https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-213001
Zhao, J., Sitthiworachart, J., & Ratanaolarn, T. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Enhancing Physical Education: A systematic literature review. 220–225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/iciet60671.2024.10542764
Zulkifli, A. F., & Danis, A. (2022). Technology in physical education: Using movement analysis application to improve feedback on sports skills among undergraduate physical education students. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100350
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ettania Agustina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. License
Use of articles will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA)
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
Halaman Olahraga Nusantara's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Halaman Olahraga Nusantara permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work. Users will also need to attribute authors and Halaman Olahraga Nusantara on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;
1. Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
2. The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
3. The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
4. The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal Halaman Olahraga Nusantara.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Halaman Olahraga Nusantara will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. Halaman Olahraga Nusantara will only communicate with the corresponding author.
6. Royalties
Being an open accessed journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons license term mentioned, author(s) aware that Halaman Olahraga Nusantara entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
