The Relationship Between Arm Muscle Strength and Eye-Hand Coordination to Underhand Pass Ability in Volleyball
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31851/hon.v9i2.22770Abstract
Bottom passing is a basic volleyball technique that requires the synergy of biomotor components, especially arm muscle strength and eye-hand coordination, to control the direction of ball bounce. Previous research has predominantly involved junior high school/high school students and has not examined the combination of the two variables in sports college students. The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between arm muscle strength (X₁) and eye-hand coordination (X₂), both partially and simultaneously, with the ability to pass down (Y) in Sports Coaching Education students. The research design was correlational with a sample of 30 students selected through purposive sampling from a population of 319 students. The X₁ variables were measured by a 60-second push-up test, X₂ by a 20-second tennis ball throw-catch test, and Y by a target-scale bottom passing test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and simple regression and multiple regression in the SPSS 27 program. The results showed an average of X₁ = 28.80 (SD = 1.54), X₂ = 29.00 (SD = 2.38), and Y = 11.90 (SD = 1.52); the data distribution of all variables was normally distributed (p > 0.05). Simple regression X₁→Y yielded r = 0.862; R² = 0.743; F(1, 28) = 81.038; p = 0.000, while X₂→Y yielded r = 0.861; R² = 0.740; F(1, 28) = 79.893; p = 0.033. Double regression of X₁ and X₂ to Y yielded R = 0.870; R² = 0.757; F(2, 27) = 42.037; p = 0.035. In conclusion, arm muscle strength and eye-hand coordination have a significant relationship with lower passing ability, both partially and simultaneously, with a combined contribution of 75.7%. These findings underscore the importance of integrated training that combines arm muscle strengthening with visuomotor coordination exercises to improve lower passing skills in sports coaching students.
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