Halaman Olahraga Nusantara : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan
HALAMAN OLAHRAGA NUSANTARA : Education Sport Journal with registered number 2614-2775 (print) and 2621-8143 (online) is a scientific and education journal managed and published by Sport Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, PGRI University of Palembang. Accredited in SINTA 4 SK Menteri riset dan teknologi/Kepala Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 200/M/KPT/2020 Tentang Peringkat Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode III Tahun 2020 Journal Title Jurnal Halaman Olahraga Nusantara (HON) ISSN 2621-8143 (online)|2614-2775 (print) DOI Prefix Prefix 10.31851 by Editor in Chief Dede Dwiansyah Putra Publisher Department of Physical Education, Universitas PGRI Palembang South Sumatera, Indonesia Frequency 2 issues in a year (January and July) Citation |Google Scholar|Garuda|Base|Road|
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The Effect of Resistance Band Training on Swimming Speed 50 Meters Butterfly Style Athlete Fitt Swimming Club Padang
This study was initiated based on the current condition indicating that the 50-meter butterfly swimming performance of athletes at the Fitt Swimming Club remains relatively low. This condition was identified through instructional training sessions conducted prior to the actual swimming competitions participated in by beginner athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of swimming training using resistance bands on 50-meter butterfly swimming performance. This study employed a pre-experimental research design. Data were collected using a 50-meter freestyle swimming ability test. The research subjects consisted of all 8 athletes of Fitt Swimming Club, selected using the total sampling technique. The study was conducted at the Fitt Swimming Club swimming pool. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistics with a t-test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that resistance band training had a significant effect on the 50-meter butterfly swimming speed of Fitt Swimming Club athletes. The training was proven to improve the athletes’ 50-meter butterfly swimming speed, with the result of tcount = 14.714 > ttable = 1.894. Therefore, H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted
Copyright (c) 2026 Pringgo Mardesia; Yogi Setiawan; Ikhwanul Arifan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Systematic Literature Review : Research on Traditional Sport Using Vos Viewers in the Scopus Database for 2018-2022
Traditional sports are cultural sports that must be developed and preserved. Traditional sports are sports in the form of games. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method with a bibliometrics approach. . The research data used for scientific journals or articles spanning 2018-2022 is sourced from the Scopus database. A scientific article search was carried out using the Publish or Perish application with the keyword "Traditional Sport" in the article title, category, abstract, keywords. The development map of the Traditional Sport scientific publication model is analyzed using the VOSViewer application. Based on data analysis, it is concluded that in 2021 there has been a very significant increase with the publication of 16 articles as much as 51.6% and has decreased to 7 articles in publications in 2022 with 22.6% of the total data
Copyright (c) 2026 Arrahman Arrahman, Wahyu Erfandy, Yayan Wardiyanto , Risa Hadi, Hasan Baharuddin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of School Health Business Programs Through Physical Education, Sports, and Health Activities in Improving The Health Status of Elementary School Students
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the School Health Business Program as an effort to improve the health status of students in elementary schools. The research uses a descriptive approach with an evaluative method. The number of respondents was 30 people determined through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire, while data analysis used descriptive analysis to objectively describe the conditions of implementing School Health Enterprises in schools. In its implementation, this program is also associated with Physical Education, Sports, and Health activities as the main means of forming healthy living behaviors through physical activities and health learning. The results showed that in the aspect of health education, as many as 57% of respondents were in the good category, 28% in the adequate category, and 15% in the poor category. In the aspect of health services, 50% of respondents were in the good category, 33.3% in the adequate category, and 15% in the poor category, with the main obstacle in the form of limited health facilities and infrastructure. Furthermore, the aspect of the healthy school environment obtained the highest percentage of good category at 70%, which shows that most schools already have adequate sanitation facilities. This environmental condition is very supportive of the implementation of safe and comfortable physical education activities. Meanwhile, the management aspect of the implementation of school health business shows a good category of 46.7%, which indicates that there are still weaknesses in planning, monitoring, and evaluating programs, including in systematically integrating physical education activities in the school health business program. Overall, the implementation of School Health Business is in the sufficient category. Strengthening the synergy between School Health Efforts and Physical Education Sports and Health is a strategic step in improving the quality of student health through habituation of physical activities, exercise, and healthy living behaviors in the elementary school environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Riand Resmana, Iit Selviani, Ardo Okilanda http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Imagery Training Methods on The Underhand Passing Skills of Students in The Volleyball Club
This study aims to determine the effects of imagery training methods on the underhand passing ability of members of the volleyball student activity unit. The problem addressed in this study is the low level of underhand passing skills caused by monotonous training methods and a lack of variation in practice. This research employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest. The sample consisted of 10 students selected using a total sampling technique. The instrument used to measure underhand passing ability was the Brady Volleyball Test. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the mean score increased from 18 in the pretest to 21 in the posttest. The hypothesis test indicated that tcount (4.45) was greater than ttable (1.833), indicating a significant effect of imagery training on underhand passing ability. These findings indicate that imagery training can enhance motor coordination, concentration, and understanding of movement techniques. In conclusion, the imagery training method is an effective and innovative approach to improving volleyball skills, particularly students’ underhand passing ability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yogi Armaldo Putra, Yogi Setiawan, Andra Rizky Putra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effect of Training Variations on Tennis Groundstroke Forehand Ability for Beginner Tennis
Forehand is the most basic and easiest stroke to teach in tennis. This study investigated the effect of variations in forehand training on the forehand groundstroke ability of beginner tennis athletes in padang. The sample was taken from beginner tennis athletes in padang, grouped according to their forehand groundstroke ability. Each group received forehand groundstroke training with different variations: fixed position and shifting position The results showed a significant effect of variations in forehand groundstroke training on forehand groundstroke ability in tennis. This was demonstrated by the t-test results, where t-test (9.237) > t-table (2.457). The t-test results revealed an effect of variations in forehand groundstroke training on the initial ability of beginner tennis athletes in padang. However, the study found that variations in forehand groundstroke training with fixed position were more effective than variations in shifting position on forehand groundstroke ability in tennis for beginner tennis athletes in padang.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mario Febrian http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Providing Ultrasound and Back Exercise Intervention to Reduce Pain in Low Back Pain Conditions
Low Back Pain is a condition characterized by pain in the lower back muscles, commonly caused by excessive daily activities such as prolonged standing, lifting heavy loads, or sitting for extended periods. These activities can lead to muscle strain, while aging further contributes to decreased physical activity and mobility, resulting in weakened back and abdominal muscles. The prevalence of LBP in Indonesia is estimated at 18% and increases with age. Approximately 85% of LBP cases are nonspecific, often related to soft tissue abnormalities such as injuries, muscle spasms, or fatigue. To address these problems, interventions such as Ultrasound and Back exercise can be applied. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Ultrasound and Back exercise in reducing pain among patients with LBP. This experimental research employed a pre-test and post-test group design, comparing pain intensity before and after a six-week intervention.From a total population of 25participants screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 participants were eligible and selected as the study sample. Pain levels were measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The results of the paired comparison analysis showed a significant reduction in pain (p = 0.002, p < 0.05), indicating that Ultrasound and Back exercise were effective in alleviating pain associated with Low Back Pain. This study demonstrates that the combination of Ultrasound and Back exercise provides a significant reduction in pain among patients with Low Back Pain.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iit Selviani, Riand Resmana, Yose Rizal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Contribution of Speed and Leg Muscle Strength to Passing Performance in University Football Students
Background and Study. Passing is a fundamental skill in football that requires not only technical proficiency but also adequate physical conditioning. This study aimed to examine the contribution of speed and leg muscle strength to passing performance among university students. Methods. A quantitative correlational design with multiple regression analysis was employed in this study. The participants were 100 male students from the Physical Education, Sport, and Recreation program. Data were collected using a 30-m sprint test to measure speed, a standing broad jump test to assess leg muscle strength, and a short passing test to evaluate passing performance. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression techniques. Results. The results showed that speed was significantly correlated with passing performance (r = 0.62, p < 0.05), as was leg muscle strength (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). Both variables had significant partial and simultaneous effects on passing performance, accounting for 42% of the total variance. Discussion and Conlusions. These findings indicate that improving speed and leg muscle strength plays an important role in enhancing passing quality and effectiveness; therefore, these components should be prioritized in university football training programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mardepi Saputra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Survey of Athletes' Understanding of Archery Competition Rules
This study was conducted with the aim of determining the level of understanding of athletes on the rules of the Archery Competition in Riau Province. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with a survey type of research. The population of this study were archery athletes who were still actively playing. The sample in this study amounted to 110 people. The sampling technique of this study used a simple purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire. The results of this study have been calculated and analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. The results of the study indicate that the level of understanding of athletes on the rules of the Archery Competition in Riau Province is included in the category of "Medium" with a frequency of 49 athletes (44.5%), "Very High" with a frequency of 5 athletes (4.5%), "High" with a frequency of 32 athletes (29.0%), "Low" with a frequency of 14 athletes (12.7%), and "Very Low" with a frequency of 10 athletes (9.0%). The conclusion is that the level of understanding of athletes regarding the Riau Province Archery Competition Regulations is included in the "Moderate" category with a frequency of 49 athletes (44.5%). Therefore, the level of understanding of athletes regarding the Riau Province Archery Competition Regulations can be said to be good. Therefore, suggestions for each athlete, club management, and coaches can improve their understanding of the competition regulations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sasmarianto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Resistance Band Training on The Gyaku-Tsuki Punch Speed of Female Karate Athletes at The Lemkari Dojo
Study problem Gyaku Tsuki punch speed based on field observation, there are still many defeats in matches. Study goals resistance bands training affect on punch speed Dojo Lemkari Jalur city. Methods type research experimental one group pre test - post test. Female atlet age 15-18 years and exist training more 8 years Karate sample wich 15 female people. Statistic test normality data and homogenity data. Result resistance band signifficant effect was demonstrated from female Dojo Lemkari Jalur average pre test score 37,66 and a post test score 45,66. Hypothesis result signifficant data of 13,011 > 2,160. Therefore the hyphotesis accepted and resistance band training result change in the speed of female karate athletes from the Lemkari Dojo in Jalur city.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yelvi Aryanti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparison of 50 Meter Freestyle Swimming Speed of Sports Coaching Students
This study aims to determine and compare the 50-meter freestyle swimming speed levels among students of the Sports Coaching Study Program at Universitas Negeri Padang with a sample size of 40 students. The 50-meter freestyle is a sprint event that relies onmaximum speed, making physical condition factors such as arm and leg muscle strength and endurance the main determinants. The population in this study were all sports coaching students who took the swimming course, with a sample of 40 students selected through purposive sampling. The method use disdescriptive comparative with data collection techniques through a 50-meter freestyle speed test. The results showed that students' swimming speed was in the moderate category with an average time of 41.23 seconds. No significant difference was found between four thand sixth semester students. Thisresearchisexpectedtoserve as evaluation material for the development of training program and performance improvement with in the FIK UNP environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naluri denay http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Physical Performance Indicators of Female Pencak Silat Athletes
Condition is a major determinant in achieving success in the sport of pencak silat, which demands the integration of complex energetic and biomotor abilities. This study aims to identify and analyze the physical performance profiles of female pencak silat athletes under the auspices of the Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Using a quantitative descriptive design, this study involved 21 female athletes selected through a descriptive quantitative technique. purposive sampling. The measurement instruments include the VO₂Max test for aerobic capacity, sit-ups And elbow plank for abdominal muscle endurance and stability core, V Sit and Reach for flexibility, as well as push-ups for arm muscle endurance. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical techniques in the form of frequency distribution and percentages. The results showed significant variation between fitness components. In terms of aerobic capacity, the majority of athletes (66.66%) were in the very low category. Conversely, performance in the dynamic abdominal muscle endurance (sit-ups) and flexibility components showed positive results, with 80.94% and 76.18% of athletes, respectively, in the good to very good category. Arm muscle strength (push-ups) was also considered adequate, with 66.66% of athletes achieving at least the good category. However, in terms of stability core (elbow plank), the majority of athletes (52.38%) are still in the moderate category. It was concluded that although the athletes' mechanical components and flexibility have developed well, cardiorespiratory capacity (VO₂Max) and core muscle static endurance remain fundamental weaknesses. This finding implies the need for a reorientation of exercise programs based on sports science which focuses on improving the aerobic energy system and stability core without neglecting the maintenance of other physical components to achieve optimal competition performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Khalid Mawardi, Hendry Ismawan, Devaron Suardi, Nurjamal, Muhammad Rifai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mapping Sport Talent Profiles Among Female Elementary School Students Based on Standardized Identification Tests
This study was motivated by the absence of scientific data concerning the sport talent profiles of female elementary school students in Clusters I, II, and III of the City of Payakumbuh. The lack of objective talent mapping has the potential to hinder the effectiveness of early-age sport development programs. Accordingly, this study aimed to describe the results of sport talent detection tests administered to children aged 7–12 years in the form of sport recommendations aligned with their physical characteristics. A descriptive research design was employed, involving 186 female students from several elementary schools grouped into three clusters. The instrument utilized was the SEKORA sport talent detection test, which comprises three principal components: anthropometry (height and body mass), motor coordination (eye–hand coordination, jumping sideways, moving sideways, balance beam/walking backward, and shuttle throw), and physical performance (10 × 5 m shuttle run, endurance shuttle run, sit-and-reach, shoulder rotation, standing broad jump, curl-up, and knee push-up). Field measurement data were entered into the web-based SEKORA system and automatically processed using machine learning algorithms to generate individualized sport recommendations. Data were analyzed descriptively using percentage distributions. The findings revealed that across the seven categories of sport recommendations, all were predominantly sports that emphasize flexibility as a primary physical component. The respective dominance percentages from the first to the seventh recommendation were (1) 50%; (2) 62.90%; (3) 48.39%; (4) 53.23%; (5) 55.38%; (6) 54.84%; and (7) 54.30%. These results indicate that flexibility constitutes a prominent biomotor component among female students aged 7–12 years in the study area. In conclusion, the Sport Search (SEKORA)-based talent identification system is effective in objectively mapping sport talent tendencies and can serve as a foundational framework for planning early-age sport development programs aligned with children’s developmental characteristics and the principles of long-term athlete development.
Copyright (c) 2026 ucy Pratama Putri, Risky Syahputra, Uswatul Hasana Umar, Devaron Suardi, Arief Khalid Mawardi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pride of The Nation: Unpacking The Dominant Role of National Identity in Building Local Brand Trust
This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality, price, brand ambassadors, and national identity on the brand trust of consumers of Ortuseight, a local sportswear brand in Indonesia. The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing a survey method involving 162 respondents who have purchased and used Ortuseight products. Data were collected through questionnaires adapted from previous studies and analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results indicate that, simultaneously, all variables have a significant effect on brand trust. Partially, product quality and price show a positive and significant influence, whereas brand ambassadors do not have a significant impact. Furthermore, national identity proved to be the most dominant variable in increasing brand trust. These findings emphasize the importance of combining rational and emotional factors for local brands to build consumer trust amidst competition with international brands.
Copyright (c) 2026 Uswatul Hasanah Umar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Technology-Based Analysis of Butterfly Swimming
The problem addressed in this study is related to the suboptimal butterfly stroke swimming skills of beginner athletes at the SeaRIA Aquatic Swimming Club. This study aims to describe the level of butterfly stroke swimming skills of beginner athletes at SeaRIA Aquatic Swimming Club. The subjects of the study were beginner athletes aged 7–9 years at SeaRIA Aquatic Swimming Club. The instrument used was a butterfly stroke swimming skills test. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and video recording technology based on the results of the butterfly stroke swimming performance. Skill assessment was carried out by three licensed judge. The assessment of 11 athletes showed that the level of mastery of butterfly stroke swimming skills included: (1) body position mastery of 71.77%, categorized as good; (2) arm movement mastery of 63.69%, categorized as good; (3) leg movement mastery of 50.56%, categorized as fair; (4) breathing technique mastery of 63.18%, categorized as good; and (5) movement coordination mastery of 58.64%, categorized as fair.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meiriani Armen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Trends in The Use of Sports Health Apps to Increase Motivation to Exercise
The exponential development of information and communication technology has triggered a significant transformation in the public health sector, particularly in the domain of physical activity promotion. Nowadays, sports health apps or e-health and m-health have become ubiquitous instruments used by various age groups to monitor and manage physical fitness. However, the mechanism of effectiveness of these apps in building and maintaining long-term motivation to exercise is still a hot academic debate. This article aims to conduct a systematic literature review of the trend of sports health app utilization and its impact on users' exercise motivation. This study reviews reputable international literature from 2015 to 2024 that analyzes application features, applied motivation theories, and the results of application-based interventions. The results showed that the use of gamification features, real-time tracking, and community-based social interventions in apps had a significant positive correlation with increased intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Apps that are able to integrate the principles of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), namely autonomy, competence, and relationships, have proven to be more effective in maintaining exercise compliance than apps that focus solely on tracking physiological metrics. Nonetheless, challenges related to long-term user retention and technical barriers still need to be addressed. This article concludes that sports health apps are a potential tool for increasing motivation, but their design should be oriented towards the user's behavioral psychology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arisman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pain Reduction in Low Back Pain by Using Warm Oil Rubbing
Exercise plays an important role in maintaining the health of the human body from various circles. However, sports also have a risk of physical injury if done without proper preparation, technique or supervision. Sports injuries can occur in muscles, joints, ligaments, bones or soft tissues due to repetitive movements, impacts or overload. Low back pain is a condition of pain or discomfort that occurs in the lower back area, which is between the last rib and the pelvic bone. This study uses a quantitative approach with a comparative method. The main objective of this study is to understand in detail the effect of warm oils on lower back pain. The population in this study is football youth in Maos Kidul Village with the use of a sample of 15 football youth in Maos Kidul Village. There are several research instruments used in this study, namely VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and V-Sit and Reach Test. The results of this study show that the t-value of the table > t is 2,671 > 1,706 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. These results can be concluded that manipulation therapy with the effleurage technique using warm oil has a positive and significant effect on low back pain. The results of this study were calculated by t value > t table which was 3,208 > 1,706 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. The results of this study show that manipulation therapy with the effleurage technique using warm oil can experience an improvement in ROM (range of motion) and movement function has a positive and significant effect on low back pain in football youth in Maos Kidul Village.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nasrul http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Transformation in Physical Education: A Systematic Literature Review of Audio-visual Media Implementation in Indonesia (2015–2025)
Digital transformation in physical education is accelerating globally, yet in developing countries like Indonesia, this process is uniquely shaped by infrastructural challenges and a mobile-first landscape. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA 2020 protocol to analyze the evolution of audio-visual media implementation in Indonesian physical education from 2015 to 2025. Data were sourced from Google Scholar, DOAJ, and SINTA databases, resulting in 42 selected articles that were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results reveal a significant pedagogical shift from the "substitution" level, characterized by passive video consumption during the pandemic, to the "redefinition" level, marked by the development of immersive Augmented Reality and interactive Android applications in the post-pandemic era. While these tools effectively enhance motor skill acquisition for closed skills and boost student engagement through gamification, a persistent digital divide remains a critical barrier in rural areas. The study concludes that Indonesian physical education is undergoing a rapid transition towards mobile-assisted learning, necessitating policies that prioritize infrastructure equity and transform teachers from consumers into creators of digital content.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tepati Kewajiban http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Recreational Sports Activities and Early Childhood Motor Development
Early childhood is a golden period for fundamental development that is the foundation for the next growth of children, one of which is motor development. The decrease in physical activity levels and increased sedentary behavior due to the onslaught of digital technology are a serious threat to the optimization of children's motor development. Recreational sports, with their fun, non-competitive, and participation-focused characteristics, emerged as a potential intervention to stimulate gross motor development. This study aims to analyze the influence of structured recreational sports programs on improving early childhood motor development. The research used quasi-experiments with pre-test and post-test control group designs. The study sample consisted of 60 children aged 5-6 years who were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=30) that followed a recreational exercise program for 12 weeks, and the control group (n=30) that did free physical activity without structure. The instrument used to measure motor development is the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) which includes aspects of locomotor (running, jumping, pole running) and object control (throwing, catching, kicking). Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for the normality test, the Levene test for the homogeneity test, and ANCOVA to test for differences between groups by controlling for pre-test scores. The results showed that after 12 weeks of intervention, there was a significant improvement in the total motor score of the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Further analysis showed a significant improvement occurred in both sub-variables, namely locomotor skills and object control. These findings indicate that a systematically structured recreational exercise program is more effective in improving early childhood motor development compared to free physical activity. The implications of this study support the integration of recreational sports programs into the early childhood education curriculum as a preventive and promotive effort to achieve optimal motor development, which ultimately contributes to an active and healthy lifestyle later in life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nofi Marlina Siregar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Locomotor Motion Game Models For Kids Early Age
The development of locomotor motion is a crucial foundation in the achievement of early childhood gross motor development which has a direct impact on their active participation in various physical and social activities. However, the learning approach in various early childhood education institutions (PAUD) is often unstructured and unattractive, thus hindering the optimization of the development of this aspect. This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of a locomotor motion game model designed specifically for children aged 5-6 years. This model was developed using a Research and Development (R&D) approach by adapting the Borg & Gall model. The research procedure includes: (1) initial needs analysis, (2) model draft development, (3) expert validation (PAUD teachers and child motor experts), (4) limited field trials, and (5) final revision. The trial subjects involved 30 early childhood children in one of the Rawamangun kindergartens. Quantitative data on model effectiveness were collected through pre-test and post-test using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) instrument and analyzed with a t-paired sample test. Qualitative data on the feasibility of the model were obtained through expert validation questionnaires and observation sheets. The results of the study showed that the game model developed was considered very feasible by experts with an average score of 4.5 out of a scale of 5. The results of the effectiveness test indicated a significant improvement in the child's locomotor movement ability (p < 0.05), with an average pre-test score of 38.2 and post-test of 51.7. The implication of this study is that a structured and fun activity-based game model can be an effective learning alternative for early childhood teachers in improving the development of early childhood locomotor movements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Novri Asri, Nofi Marlina Siregar, Eka Fitri Novita Sari, Masnur Ali http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Health Profile and Physical Condition Level of Gresik Junior Taekwondo Athletes
This study aims to assess the health profile and level of physical condition in the Gresik Regency junior taekwondo athlete team. The total subjects used were 11 junior male taekwondo athletes (age: 12.54±2.20) and 20 junior female taekwondo athletes (age: 13.25±1.83). The athletes conducted a health test of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), then conducted a physical condition test of 30s push-ups, t-test, sit and reach, and multistage fitness test. The analysis used descriptive analysis, and the results obtained were then grouped by gender. Athletes show results of health characteristics and physical conditions that have been grouped by gender; Men junior athelete (MJA) and Women junior athlete (WJA), namely: height (MJA: 157.3±12.4 cm, WJA: 154.65±6.87 cm), body weight (MJA: 46.49±12.13 kg, WJA: 45.58±5.68 kg), BMI (MJA: 18.49±2.43 kg/m2, WJA: 26.3±32.47 kg/m2), push-up 30s (MJA: 28.81±6.85 reps, WJA: 24.7±4.58 reps), t-test (MJA: 7.6±0.82 seconds, WJA: 8.19±0.83 seconds), sit and reach (MJA: 15.36±5.39 cm, WJA: 19.2±6.33 cm), and multistage fitness test (MJA: 7.84±2.45 seconds, WJA: 6.67±1.86 seconds). Although there are several components of athlete characteristics that do not meet the standard or are below standard, it is not the main component in determining victory, especially in the sport of taekwondo. In addition, the results of this study are expected to be valuable insights into the physiological level and physical condition that a taekwondo athlete must have, especially in male and female junior taekwondo athletes in Gresik Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aga Tri Wahyu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Learning Motivation Levels of Primary School Students in Physical Education Classes Using Kids Athletics
This study aims to determine the level of learning motivation of primary school students in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning using the Kids Athletics approach, as well as to identify the factors that influence it. The research method used was descriptive quantitative research with 30 fifth-grade students from SDN Babatan 1/456 Surabaya as subjects. Data collection was conducted through a learning motivation questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, then analysed using percentage techniques and motivation score categorisation. The results showed that the level of student learning motivation in PJOK learning using the Kids Athletics approach was in the high category with an average score of 3.70 on a scale of 4.00. These findings indicate that Kids Athletics running lessons are able to create a fun learning atmosphere, increase student active participation, and foster enthusiasm and interest in learning in PJOK activities. Thus, Kids Athletics can be used as an alternative effective learning model to increase the learning motivation of primary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Sofinianta Dewi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Protein Sources on Muscle Mass and Recovery Time in Athletes: A Comparison Between Protein Supplements and Natural Foods (Literature Review)
This study aims to examine the effect of protein sources on muscle mass gain and recovery time in athletes by comparing protein supplements and protein derived from natural foods. The underlying issue of this study is the limited availability of comprehensive research that directly compares the effectiveness of these two protein sources within the context of sports nutrition. The method used is a literature review, involving the search of scientific articles through Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases, using the PICOS framework as the basis for article selection. A total of 10 research articles consisting of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies were analyzed descriptively and synthesized.The findings indicate that protein intake, whether from supplements or natural foods, has a positive effect on increasing muscle mass and accelerating athlete recovery, particularly when combined with resistance training. Optimal protein requirements generally range from 1.6–2.0 g/kg body weight per day, and protein effectiveness is more strongly influenced by adequate dosage and amino acid quality, especially leucine content, rather than the protein source itself. It is concluded that both protein supplements and natural foods are equally effective in supporting muscle adaptation and athlete recovery; therefore, the choice of protein source should be tailored to individual needs, training context, and food availability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Bachrul Ulum http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of The Relationship Between Limb Muscle Explosive Power and Achievement Motivation with 100 Meter Sprint
This research is motivated by the importance of 100-meter running performance as an indicator of athletic ability, which is influenced by physical and psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between leg muscle explosive power and achievement motivation on 100 meters running speed in athletes of Pandanaran Athletic Center Semarang. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design, involving all short-distance running athletes as samples through the total sampling technique. Data were collected through a standing broad jump test to measure leg muscle explosive power, a questionnaire based on McClelland's theory for achievement motivation, and a 100-meter running test to measure speed. The results of the analysis showed that there was a very strong and significant negative relationship between leg muscle explosive power (r = -0.997) and achievement motivation (r = -0.851) with 100-meter running time. These findings indicate that increasing leg muscle explosive power as well as athletes' internal motivation significantly contribute to the achievement of optimal running performance. This research contributes to the development of sports science by emphasizing the importance of integrating physical and psychological aspects in athlete development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ragil Aditia Saputra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Swedish Massage Techniques on DOMS on The Gastrocnemius Muscle
Futsal is a high-intensity sport that involves explosive and repetitive activity on the leg muscles, especially the gastrocnemius muscles. This condition often triggers delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) which can interfere with training performance, mobility comfort, and sustainability of adolescent athletes' participation. Therefore, an effective, safe, and applicative recovery strategy is needed. Swedish massage is one of the active recovery methods that is reported to be able to accelerate muscle recovery and reduce symptoms of DOMS. This study uses a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest–posttest approach. A total of 17 futsal players (age 15.56 ± 0.79 years, body mass 58.59 ± 14.76 kg, height 165.06 ± 4.99 cm, BMI 21.43 ± 4.96 kg/m²) were involved in the study. DOMS levels in gastrocnemius muscle were measured using a Likert scale-based questionnaire before and after the intervention. The intervention in the form of a Swedish massage is given for ±30 minutes by a certified therapist. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed a significant decrease in DOMS scores after the Swedish massage, from 53.41 ± 7.05 in the pretest to 25.65 ± 4.18 in the posttest. Z values = −3.523 with p < 0.001 showed significant differences before and after the intervention. These findings indicate that Swedish massage effectively lowers DOMS in the gastrocnemius muscles of adolescent futsal players, in line with previous research that said massage can improve blood circulation, reduce metabolite accumulation, and decrease the perception of muscle pain after intense exercise.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cahyono Susanto Pratama Putra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Students' Interest in The Traditional Game Material of Gobak Sodor and Bentengan
This study aims to determine the level of student interest in the traditional games of Gobak Sodor and Bentengan at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Temanggung. The background of this study is based on the decreasing interest of students in traditional games due to technological developments and the increasing popularity of online games. Traditional games have important educational values, such as training agility, cooperation, physical fitness, and instilling cultural values. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a survey technique. The study population was all seventh grade students, with a sample of 30 seventh grade students of Andalusia selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data collection used a Likert-scale questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability tests. The results showed that student interest in traditional games was relatively positive, which was influenced by intrinsic factors such as interest, attention, and behavior, as well as extrinsic factors such as facilities and the role of teachers. Although some students were not familiar with Gobak Sodor and Bentengan, learning accompanied by direct practice was able to increase their interest in traditional games. This study emphasizes the importance of preserving traditional games through physical education, as well as the need to strengthen the role of teachers in providing enjoyable and meaningful learning experiences for students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amri Pambudi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of The Differences in Passing Using The Right and Left Foot in The Armada Utama Soccer Academy
This study aimed to analyze the differences in right- and left-footed passing ability among players at the Armada Utama Junior High School (SSB) in Semarang City. This study used a quantitative approach with a single-group pretest-posttest design, focusing on measuring basic passing techniques based on pass accuracy. Twenty players participated in data collection, with each participant asked to pass 10 times with their right foot and 10 times with their left foot toward a fixed target at a specified distance. Data were collected through a passing skills test and analyzed using a paired-sample t-test to determine the significance of differences between dominant and non-dominant foot use. The results showed a significant difference in passing accuracy between right and left footed players. The average passing accuracy for the right foot reached 76%, compared to only 55% for the left foot. Statistical analysis showed this difference was significant (p < 0.05), indicating that players tend to be more skilled and confident using their right foot than their left. These findings indicate that there is still a gap in basic passing ability between dominant and non-dominant feet among adolescent SSB players. Therefore, coaches and trainers are advised to provide balanced training for both feet to improve technical flexibility and effectiveness in dynamic match situations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Irfan Farhan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Technology Integration In Physical Education Learning In Schools: Systematic Literature Review
The swift progression of digital technology is fundamentally reshaping educational methodologies, including those in physical education (PE), by presenting distinct advantages and formidable obstacles for institutions. This systematic literature review (SLR) was specifically designed to evaluate the existing scientific literature on integrating technology into school based PE instruction. The review followed rigorous, established procedures: formulating clear research questions, searching major academic databases, screening and selecting relevant articles, appraising the quality of the selected studies, and finally, synthesizing the gathered data. We focused on high-quality studies published between 2020 and 2025 that explored technology integration in PE. After applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten studies were chosen and assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The resulting data underwent both annotated bibliographic and qualitative content analysis. The core findings affirm that the strategic integration of various technologies including learning management systems, digital resources, video modeling, augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), gamification, and wearable devices yields positive effects on PE outcomes. These tools notably boost student motivation, engagement, the development of motor skills, and subject knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, they facilitate individualized instruction and the provision of immediate, real-time feedback. However, the review also pinpointed significant challenges. These include disparities in technological access, insufficient school infrastructure, a lack of teacher preparedness and digital literacy, misalignment between technology and pedagogical goals, high maintenance expenses, and issues concerning data privacy. Nevertheless, successful implementation can be achieved through key facilitating factors: robust administrative leadership, ongoing professional development for teachers, reliable technological infrastructure, and instructional design that is closely aligned with pedagogical principles. Ultimately, this review confirms that integrating technology in PE holds substantial promise for elevating learning effectiveness and student performance, provided it is executed thoughtfully and supported by adequate resources. Future scholarship should concentrate on creating PE technology models that are inclusive, sustainable, and tailored to specific educational.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ettania Agustina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Hold Relax Heating on Hamstring Muscle Flexibility: Literature Review
This study reviews the effect of hold-relax (PNF) warming up on hamstring muscle flexibility through a literature review of articles published between 2015 and 2024. The search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest using PICOS criteria. Experimental studies and randomized controlled trials in athletes and non-athletes that tested hold-relax compared to static stretching or other interventions were discussed. The review results showed that most studies reported an increase in range of motion (ROM) and a reduction in hamstring stiffness after the application of hold-relax, including acute and short-term effects; some studies found equivalent effectiveness to static stretching. The physiological mechanism described involves isometric contraction that triggers autogenic inhibition through the Golgi tendon organ, thereby decreasing alpha-motor neuron excitability and increasing stretch tolerance. Although effective, evidence is still limited regarding the long-term effects on injury prevention and neuromuscular adaptation. Further research is recommended to determine the optimal protocol and clinical impact on performance and injury incidence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Safina Azzahra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Android Application "Akuatikabiomek" for Learning Aquatic Sports Biomechanics
This research aims to develop the Android application AaquaikaBiomek as a digital learning medium to support the biomechanics analysis of water sports movement. Development is carried out using the 4D model or Four-D Model proposed by Thiagarajan which consists of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The application is designed to facilitate Physical Education students in learning the principles of water biomechanics through video-based motion analysis features, motion phase simulations, and interactive learning modules. The research uses a Research & Development approach by involving expert validators, lecturers, and students. The sample consisted of 131 students who took water courses. The instruments include user needs analysis, expert validation sheets, and system usability scale (SUS) questionnaires. The results showed that the AaquaikaBiomek application obtained a content validity score of 95.83% and media validity of 93.75%, both of which are categorized as very feasible. User feasibility testing through a usability assessment resulted in a score of 87.01, which indicates that the app is easy to use, engaging, and useful in the learning process. Thus, the AkuatikaBiomek application is declared valid, practical, and feasible to be used as a learning medium for aquatic sports biomechanics, both in face-to-face, hybrid, and independent learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Norma Anggara, Eka Purnama Indah, Rizal Ardiansyah, Milda vinna br Payung http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Basic Crossfit Exercises to Improve Physical Fitness and Awareness of a Healthy Lifestyle in Adolescents
Low physical activity and high prevalence of sedentary lifestyles are a significant global health problem among adolescents, with long-term consequences in the form of an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. In Alang-Alang Lebar District, Palembang City, this problem emerged with data showing that 65% of adolescents spent more than 4 hours per day on digital activities and 29% were overweight to obese. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the "Basic CrossFit Training" program in improving physical fitness and healthy lifestyle awareness in adolescents in the region. Using a Community-Based Participatory Action approach, this study involved adolescents aged 13–20 years in an intensive training program for 4 weeks (8 sessions), which was complemented by ISBN modules, digital video tutorials, and movement guide posters. The design of this study is a quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test to measure changes in knowledge and technical mastery of movements. The results of the data analysis showed a significant increase in health knowledge, with the average score increasing from 58.3 to 82.7. In addition, 89% of participants managed to master the basic CrossFit movement techniques correctly, and most importantly, there were no injuries during training. Beyond physical metrics, the program successfully built an independent fitness ecosystem that was adopted by two local schools and is planned to be replicated in other districts. These findings suggest that community-based Basic CrossFit interventions, supported by simple educational technologies and local capacity building, are an effective and sustainable strategy to address adolescent health crises in resource-constrained environments. The program is not only aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 4, and 11, but also offers a replication model that is relevant to similar contexts in Indonesia and other developing countries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reza Resah Pratama, Arizky Ramadhan, Arif Hidayat, Syamsuramel, Arisman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0