Analysis of Iron and Lead Levels in Groundwater in Sub-Urban Areas of Palembang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31851/sainmatika.v20i1.10077Keywords:
Heavy metals, Groundwater, Lead, IronAbstract
Access to clean water in Indonesia is one of the biggest problems. The main problem faced by the community is due to limited water resources and the problem of limited water quantity. Hence, they are unable to meet the increasing needs of the community. The decline in water quality is due to domestic and industrial waste entering water bodies. The influence of human activities so that pollutants entering the environment's surface, water, and groundwater increases yearly. Toxic and dangerous substances cause many problems to the environment and health. One of the harmful poisonous substances is heavy metals. This observational research is descriptive-analytic by testing the levels of metal iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), and pH of residents' well water. The research sample was collected using a sample grabber for the well water residents of Talang Betutu, Palembang. Samples were examined in the laboratory on the same day. The sample in this study amounted to 7 samples of residents' well water, which is still used for daily activities such as bathing and washing. Examination of heavy metals using a Uv Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that all residents' samples contained Fe and Pb at levels that did not exceed the quality standards. The chronic impact of consuming water containing heavy metals must be a concern because it lasts for a specific time.
References
Abdel-Halim, S.H., Shehata, A.M.A., El-Shahat, M.F., (2003). Removal of lead ions from
industrial waste water by different types of natural materials. Water Res. 37
Albertsson, A., (2014). A review of the hydrogeological conditions in Nigeria Occurrence, contamination and remediation of groundwater, C108 Report. Goterborg. 1–22.
Aljumaili, O.I., Ewais, E.E.A., El-Waseif, A.W., Suleiman, A.A. (2021). Determination of hair lead, iron and cadmim in sample of autistic Iraqi children : Environmental risk factors of heavy metals in autism. Material Todays : Proceedings.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.017
Amin, K. (2014). Jurnal : Kajian Penentuan Status Mutu Air Di Kali Kloang di Wilayah Kabupaten
Pamekasan.
Amriani. (2011). Bioakumulasi logam berat timbal (Pb) dan seng (Zn) pada erang darah (Anadara granosa L) dan kerang bakau (Polymesoda bengalensis L) di Perairan Teluk Kendari. Universitas Diponegoro.
Apriliana, E., Ramadhian, M.R., Gapila, M. (2014). Bacteriological quality of refill drinking water at refill drinking water depots in Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Kedokteran. Volume 4(7). 142-146
Awoyemi,M.O., Ajama, O.D., Adekola, S.A., Arogundade, A.B., Fashina, C.D., Akinlade, G.O., Oyekunle, J.A.O. (2021). Water and sub-soil contamination in coastal aquifers of Arogbo, Onde State, Nigeria. Journal of Hydrology ; Regional Studies.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100944
Bahagia, Y., Irda ., R. (2018). Analisa Kualitas Air Sumur Pemukiman Kumuh Gampong Be Urawe Kota Banda Aceh. Serambi Enggineering, Volume III Edisi khusus. Hal. 285-291.
Bassil, M., Daou, F., Hassan, H., Yamani, O., Kharma, J. A., Attieh, Z., Elaridi, J. (2018). Lead, Cadmium And Arsenic In Human Milk And Their Socio-Demographic And Lifestyle Determinants in Lebanon Chemosphere, 191.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.111
Behera, B., Das, M., Rana, G.S., (2012). Studies on groundwater pollution due to iron content
and water quality in and around, Jagdalpur, Bastar district, Chattisgarh, India. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 4, 3803–3807
Belle, G., Fossey, A., Esterhuizen, L., Moodley, R. (2021) Contamination of groundwater by potential harmful elements from gold mine tailings and the implications to human health: A case study in Welkom and Virginia, Free State Province, South Africa, Groundwater for Sustainable Development. Volume 12.
Bidhendi, M.E., Gabris, M.A., Goudarzi, V., Abedynia, S., Juma, B.H., Sereshti, H.,
Kamboh, M.A., Soylak, M., Nodeh, H.R., (2019). Removal of some heavy metal ions
from water using novel adsorbent based on iron oxide-doped sol-gel organicinorganic hybrid nanocomposite: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Water Treat. 147.
Bureau of Indian Standard, (2012). Indian Standards Drinking Water Specifications IS 10500:2012. Bureau of Indian Standard, New-Delhi, India Second revision.
Briffa, J., Sinagra, E., Blundell, R., (2020). Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans, Heliyon, Volume 6, Issue 9.
C.B. Guerreiro, A.G. Ortiz, F. de Leeuw, M. Viana, A. Colette, Air Quality in Europe
Report, (2018), Publications Offie of the European Union, Luxembourg.
Carolin, C.F., Kumar, P.S., Saravanan, A., Joshiba, G.J., Naushad, M., (2017). Efficient
techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment: a
review. J. Environ. Chem. Eng.
Choi, J., Chang, J.Y., Hong, J., Shin, S., Park, J.S., Oh, S., (2017). Low-level toxic metal
exposure in healthy weaning-age infants: association with growth, dietary intake,
and iron defiiency. Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health 14
Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption (OJ L 330 05.12.1998 p. 32). (2006). In P. Sands & P. Galizzi (Eds.), Documents in European Community Environmental Law (pp. 865–878). Cambridge University Press.
Efendi, H. (2003). Telaah kualitas air. Yogyakarta. Kanisius
Fan, R.D., Liu, S.Y., Du, Y.J., Reddy, K.R., Yang, Y.L., (2017). Impacts of presence of lead contamination on settling behavior and microstructure of clayey soil - calcium bentonite blends. Appl. Clay Sci. 142, 109–119
Febrina, L., Ayuna, A. (2015). Studi penurunan kadar besi (Fe) dan Mangan (Mn) dalam air tanah menggunakan saringan keramik. Jurnal Teknologi. Volume 7 No 1.
Fomina, M., Gadd, G.M., (2014). Biosorption: current perspectives on concept, defi-
nition and application. Bioresour. Technology . 160
Gandjar, I.G dan Rohman, A. (2009), Kimia Farmasi Analisis, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.
Ghorbani, M., Aghamohammadhasan, M., Shams, A., Tajfiooz, F., Pourhassan, R., Khosravi, S.R.B., Karimi, E., Jampour, A., (2019). Ultrasonic assisted magnetic dispersive solid phase microextraction for preconcentration of two nonsteroidal antiinflmmatory drugs in real water, biological and milk samples employing an experimental design. Microchem. J. 145, 1026–1035
Gump, B.B., Dykas, M.J., MacKenzie, J.A., Dumas, A.K., Hruska, B., Ewart, C.K., Parsons, P.J., Palmer, C.D., Bendinskas, K., (2017). Background lead and mercury exposures: Psychological and behavioral problems in children. Environ. Res.
Hapsari, D. (2015). Kajian Kualitas Air sumur gali dan perilaku masyarakat di sekitar pabrik semen kelurahan karangtalun kecapamatan cilacap utara kabupaten cilacap. Jurnasl Sainr dan teknologi. Volume 7 No 1. Pp 1-7.
Hecht, J. R., Bang, Y. J., Qin, S. K., Chung, H. C., Xu, J. M., Park, J. O., Slamon, D. (2016). Lapatinib in Combination With Capecitabine Plus Oxaliplatin in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Advanced or Metastatic Gastric, Esophageal or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma : TRIO-013/LOGiC--A Randomized Phase III Trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34(5).
Ignatius, N.K., Thara, K., Dheenadayalan,M.S. (2018). Phsyco-chemical study of groundwater quality at selected locations in periyakulum theni district. Tamilnadu. India. Material Today Proceedings 5. Page 422-428.
Indah, A.Y., Hilda Zulkifli, M. Faisal. (2006). Pengaruh lindi TPA sampah batu putih kabupaten OKU terhadap Kualitas Air disekitar TPA. Jurnal pengelolaan Lingkungan 4 (2) hal 37-46.
Jovanovic, M., Boricic, N., Wallace, D., & Bulat, Z. (2019). Toxic Effect of Acute Cadmium and Lead Exposure in Rat Blood, Liver, and Kidney. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 16(2), 274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020274
Kafourou, A., Touloumi, G., Makropoulos, V., Loutradi, A., Papanagiotou, A.,
Hatzakis, A., (1997). Effects of lead on the somatic growth of children. Arch. Environ.
Health 52, 377–383
Karunanidhi, D., P. Aravinthasamy, T. Subramani, Raj Setia, (2021) Effects of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on microbial and metals contaminations in a part of Thirumanimuthar River, South India: A comparative health hazard perspective. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125909.
Kurniawan, I., Mariadi, P. D., (2019). Analisis Potensi Cemaran Sisa Penggunaan Antibiotik di Perairan Umum (Studi Kasus : Badan Sungai Musi Kota Palembang). Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Volume 16 No. 2
Li, Y.H., Di, Z.H., Ding, J., Wu, D.H., Luanc, Z.K., Zhua, Y.Q., (2005). Adsorption thermodynamic, kinetic and desorption studies of Pb2+ on carbon nanotubes. Water Res. 39, 605–609.
Lytle, D.A., Schock, M.R., Wait, K., Cahalan, K., Bosscher, V., Porter, A., Toral, M.D. (2019). Sequential drinking water sampling as a tool for evaluating lead I flint, Michigan. Water Research 157 (2019) 40-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.042
Madrigal, J. M., Ricardo, A. C., Persky, V., & Turyk, M. (2019). Associations between blood cadmium concentration and kidney function in the US population: Impact of sex, diabetes and hypertension. Environmental research, 169, 180-188.
Maidoumi, S., Ouaziz, C.R., Ouisselsat,M., Maouki, A.E., Loukid, M. (2022). Iron Deficiency and cognitive impairment in children with low blood lead levels. Toxicology Reports 9 (2022) 1681-1690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.08.008
Mariadi, P. D., Kurniawan, I. (2020). Analisis Mutu Air Tanah Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) (Studi Kasus TPA Sampah Sukawinatan Palembang). Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Volume 17 No. 1, Juni 2020 DOI 10.31851/sainmatika.v17i1.2933
Mariadi, P. D., Kurniawan, I., Anita, T., Ngole, B.B.R., (2022). Penggunaan Darah sebagai Biomarker Paparan Logam Cadmium Masyarakat Pesisir Sungai Musi (Efek terhadap Eritrosit dan Leukosit) Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Volume 18 No. 2, Desember 2021 DOI 10.31851/sainmatika.v18i2.6967
Matta, G., Gjyli, L., (2016). Mercury, lead and arsenic: impact on environment and human health. J. Chem. Pharm. Sci. 9, 718–725
Masindi, K.L. Muedi, (2018). Environmental contamination by heavy metals, in: Heavy Metals, InTech.
Mease, R., Ferrer, L., Cerda,V.,Leal, L.. (2020). Fully automatic system for lead monitoring in water. Microchemical Journal 154(2020) 104550.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.104550
Mielke H.W., Gonzales C.R., Powell E., Jartun M., Mielke P.W., Jr., (2007). Nonlinear association between soil lead and blood lead of children in metropolitan New Orleans, Louisiana: 492 2000-2005. Sci Total Environ. 388, 43-53
Min, K.B., Min, J.Y., Cho, S.I., Kim, R., Kim, H., Paek, D., (2008). Relationship between low
blood lead levels and growth in children of white-collar civil servants in Korea. Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health 211, 82–87
Morintoh, P. Rumampuk, J.F., Lintong, F. (2015). Analisis perbedaan uji kualitas air sumur di daerah dataran tinggi kota tomohon dan dataran rendah kota manado berdasarkan parameter fisika. Jurnal e-biomedik. Volume 3 No 1
Moumita Dey, Asma Akter, Saiful Islam, Shaikat Chandra Dey, Tasrina Rabia Choudhury, Konica Jannat Fatema, Bilkis Ara Begum, (2021) Assessment of contamination level, pollution risk and source apportionment of heavy metals in the Halda River water, Bangladesh, Heliyon,Volume 7, Issue 12,
Muhammad, S. Kashif Ahmad, (2020). Heavy metal contamination in water and fish of the Hunza River and its tributaries in Gilgit–Baltistan: Evaluation of potential risks and provenance. Environmental Technology & Innovation, Volume 20,
Munfiah S, Nurjazuli, S., O. (2013). Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Air Sumur Gali dan Sumur Bor di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Guntur II KabupatenDemak, Vol. 12, No.2.
Na Li, Samuel Simon Araya, Søren Knudsen Kaer , (2019). Long-term contamination effect of iron ions on cell performance degradation of proton exchange membrane water electrolyser, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 434.
Notodarmojo, S. (2005). Pencemaran tanah dan air tanah. Bandung. Penerbit ITB.
Nora., Maksuk., Amin. (2022). Analisis Pencemaran Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Pada Air Sumur Gali Masyarakat Di Sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sukawinatan. Jurnal Sanitasi Lingkungan. Vol.2, No.2.https://doi.org/10.36086/jsl.v2i2.877
Permen LH RI No. 115 (2003). Pedoman penentuan status mutu air. Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup
Permenkes RI No. 416 (1990). Syarat-syarat dan pengawasan kualitas air. Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Permenkes RI No. 492 (2010). Persyaratan kualitas air minum. Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Rahmadani, T., Muliyani,S., Said,S. (2015). Analisis kandungan logam Zink (Zn) dan timbal (Pb) dalam air laut pesisir pantai mamboro kecamatan palu utara. Jurnal Akademika kim.4 pp 197-203.
Rahman, A., Maqbool, E., Zuberi, H.S., (2002). Lead-associated defiits in stature, mentalability and behavior in children in Karachi. Ann Trop Pediatr 22, 301–311
Ravenscroft, J., Roy, A., Queirolo, E.I., Manay, N., Martinez, G., Peregalli, F., Kordas, K. (2018). Drinking water lead, iron and zinc concentration as predictors of blood levels and urinary lead excretion in school children from montevideio, Uruguay.Chemosphere.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.154
Romanovski, V., Romanovskaia,E., Moskovskikh, D., Kuskov, K., Likhavitski, V., (2021). Recycling of iron-rich sediment for surface modification of filters for underground water deironing. Journal of environmental chemical engineering 9 (2021) 105712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105712
Sorlini, L. Rondi, A. Pollmann Gomez, C. Collivignarelli, Appropriate technologies for drinking water treatment in Mediterranean countries, Environ. Eng. Manag. J. 14 (7) (2015) 1721–1733, https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2015.183
Slota, M., Wasik, M., Stolny, T, Machon-grecka,A., Kasperczyk,S., (2022). Effects of environmental and occupational lead toxicity and its association with iron metabolism. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 434(2022) 115794
SNI 06-2412-1991. Metode pengambilan contoh kualitas air. Badan Standardisasi Nasional
Sunarya, Y. (2001). Pencemaran Air, Udara, dan Tanah. Bandung: Grafindo Media Pratama
Susanto, J.P. (2005). Analisis diskripsi pencemaran air sumur pada daerah industry pengecoran logam. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan. P3TL-BPPT.6(2) pp 402-409
Susiati, H., Arman, A., Yurianto. (2009). Kandungan Logam berat (Co, Cr, Cs, As, Sc dan Fe) dalam sedimen di kawasan pesisir I semenanjung muria. Jurnal pengembangan energy nuklir, 11(1)
Udhaya K., R., Mnivannan, P., Raghu, K., Vaideki, S. (2016). Assesment of physico-chemical characteristic of water in tamil nadu. Ecotoxicology and environment safety.
Wandrivel, R., N. Suharti & Y. Lestari. (2012). Kualitas Air Minum Yang Diproduksi Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang Di Kecamatan Bungus Padang Berdasarkan Persyaratan Mikrobiologi. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 1(3).
Wang, X., Cui, W., Wang, M., Liang, Y., Zhu, G., Jin, T., & Chen, X. (2021). The association between life-time dietary cadmium intake from rice and chronic kidney disease. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 211, 111933.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111933
Wardhana, W. (2004). Dampak Pencemaran Lingkungan. Edisi Revisi. Yogyakarta : Andi Offset
Warsinah, Suheryanto, Windusari, Y. (2015). Kajian cemaran logam berat timbal (Pb) pada kompartemen di sekitar pembuangan akhir (TPA) sukawinatan Palembang. Jurnal penelitian sains volume 17 No 2
Widowati, W., Sastiono, A., Jusuf,R. (2008). Efek toksikologi logam. Yogyakarta. Penerbit Andi
World Health Organization, (2004). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, , third ed.vol. 1. Switzerland, Geneva.
Yang, Y.L., Reddy, K.R., Du, Y.J., Fan, R.D., (2017). Hydraulic conductivity and consolidation properties of soil-bentonite backfills exposed to CCR-impacted groundwater. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. 144
Zhang, L., Zhao, L., Yu, Y.T., Chen, C.Z., (1998). Removal of lead from aqueous methodes solution
by non-living Rhizopus nigricans. Water Res. 32.
Zhou, C.C., He, Y.Q., Gao, Z.Y., Wu, M.Q., Yan, C.H., (2020). Sex differences in the effects
of lead exposure on growth and development in young children. Chemosphere 250.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.