Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

Geographically Weighted Regression dalam Menganalisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kasus Tuberkulosis di Sumatera Utara

2022-12-31T10:48:28+00:00

Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is a method used to analyze a case by considering spatial effects. Spatial effects indicate differences in environmental characteristics between regions. A spatial effect can be seen from the violation of the assumption of the multiple linear regression homoscedasticity test. Research in the health sector often shows that the spread of disease, especially infectious diseases, is influenced by spatial effects, one of which is tuberculosis. In 2020, North Sumatra will become one of the areas with high tuberculosis cases, so it is necessary to study tuberculosis cases and determine the factors that influence it by involving spatial effects. This study aims to model tuberculosis cases and analyze the ten factors thought to influence it using the GWR method with the adaptive kernel bi-square weighting function. The results showed that 23 regencies/cities had local GWR models and different factors influencing tuberculosis cases for each region, and ten other regencies/cities were influenced by other factors outside the variables studied. Based on the variables that affect it, 13 regional groups are formed. Modeling with the GWR method can explain tuberculosis cases in North Sumatra by 99.4%, and other predictor variables influence the rest.

Pengukuran Tingkat Kebisingan Lalu Lintas Di Jalan Sukarela Kota Palembang Sumatera Selatan

2022-12-31T10:48:33+00:00

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kebisingan yang disebabkan oleh kendaraan bermotor di Jalan Sukarela Kota Palembang Sumatera Selatan dan Membandingkan tingkat kebisingan dengan Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB) kebisingan. Metode yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan pengukuran langsung di lapangan menggunakan Sound Level Meter. Pengukuran dilakukan pada satu titik yang sama selama tiga hari yaitu pada waktu pagi, siang, dan sore hari. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kebisingan di area ini pada pagi hari yaitu 73,38 dB(A), 74,87 dB(A), dan 69,70 dB(A). Tingkat kebisingan pada siang hari yaitu 69,48 dB(A) 69,16 dB(A), dan 70,78 dB(A). Sedangkan hasil pengukuran pada sore hari yaitu 69,70 dB(A), 69,03 dB(A), dan 70,73 dB(A). Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa lokasi pengukuran tingkat kebisingan di Jalan Sukarela Kota Palembang Sumatera Selatan berada di atas Nilai Ambang Batas Kebisingan (NAB) yang ditetapkan pemerintah sesuai peraturan menteri lingkungan hidup no 48 tahun 1996 yaitu 65 dB(A).

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Pisang Raja Nangka sebagai Capping Agent Sintesis Partikel ZnO: Variasi Pelarut Ekstraksi

2022-12-31T10:48:38+00:00

Kemunculan bakteri resisten antibiotik menjadi masalah serius di seluruh dunia. Upaya penanggulangan bakteri resisten antibiotik terus dilakukan, salah satunya dengan penggunaan material berukuran nano. Zink oksida (ZnO) merupakan salah satu partikel yang telah terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri gram negatif dan gram positif. Dalam mencegah terjadinya aglomerasi pada sintesis ZnO berukuran nanometer dapat ditambahkan capping agent alami berupa senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak kulit pisang raja nangka. Adapun langkah yang dilakukan adalah: 1) ekstraksi metabolit sekunder kulit pisang raja nangka, 2) uji fitokimia, 3) penentuan kadar total flavonoid dan polifenol, 4) sintesis ZnO dengan capping agent alami ekstrak kulit pisang raja nangka, 5) karakterisasi ZnO, dan 6) uji aktivitas antibakteri ZnO. Hasil analisis kualitatif melalui uji fitokimia serta analisis kuantitatif melalui penentuan kadar total polifenol dan flavonoid menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit pisang raja nangka etanol (96%)-air 2:1 (v/v) memiliki kadar metabolit sekunder yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak kulit pisang raja nangka etanol (96%)-air 1:1 (v/v). Partikel ZnO berhasil disintesis menggunakan capping agent alami ekstrak kulit pisang raja nangka. Kadar metabolit sekunder yang berbeda pada masing-masing ekstrak mempengaruhi ukuran, morfologi, dan aktivitas antibakteri ZnO hasil sintesis.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Minyak Goreng Dari Hasil Kuliner Pecel Lele Menjadi Biodiesel

2022-12-31T10:48:46+00:00

The activity of making biodiesel from waste oil from pecel catfish is useful for reducing environmental pollution due to waste disposal, and reducing damage to the human body due to repeated consumption of oil. This study aims to analyze the quality of biodiesel from waste oil using a NaOH catalyst and with different variations of methanol content of 75%, 80%, 85% and 95%. The method used is an experiment in the laboratory. The addition of methanol with different levels of variation was measured for viscosity, density, moisture content and flash point with three repetitions. The results of these measurements indicate that the use of methanol with a level of 95% that meets the SNI standard with the results of an average viscosity of 5.1 cSt, an average density of 0.87 g/cm3, water content shows an average of 0.37% and average flash point 3500C.

Rancangan G-Optimal pada Peningkatan Kadar Kemurnian Silikon Dioksida

2022-12-31T10:48:50+00:00

Rancangan percobaan merupakan serangkaian uji yang bertujuan mengamati dan mengidentifikasi perubahan-perubahan pada output respon disebabkan oleh perubahan-perubahan pada variabel input dari suatu proses. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rancangan terbaik untuk peningkatan kadar SiO₂. Silikon Dioksida (SiO2) merupakan salah satu mineral yang paling banyak ditemukan di bumi. SiO₂ banyak digunakan di berbagai bidang sehingga ketersediaannya semakin berkurang. Prosedur kemurnian dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemurnian silika yang memiliki kualitas rendah dengan mengubah suhu dan laju kenaikan suhu. Metode yang digunakan adalah desain G-optimal menggunakan algoritma Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS). Model yang digunakan dalam meningkatkan kemurnian silikon dioksida adalah model non-linier yang mengikuti distribusi eksponensial decay. Titik rancangan terbaik yang diperoleh dari rancangan G-optimal pada hubungan antara suhu (^oC) dan laju kenaikan suhu (^oC/menit) yaitu titik Â 800 Â^oCÂ hingga 900 Â^oC adalah kombinasi titik Â 800 Â^oC dan 1,67 ^oC/menit, 800 Â^oC dan 2,17 ^oC/menit, 815 ^oC dan 4,67 ^oC/menit, 825 Â^oC dan 4,17 ^oC/menit, 835 Â^oC dan 5 ^oC/menit, 855 Â^oC dan 2,17 ^oC/menit, 880 Â^oC dan 2,34 ^oC/menit, 895 Â^oC dan 4,67 ^oC/menit,Â serta 900 ^oC dan 4 ^oC/menit dengan nilai G-efisiensinya adalah 96,09%.

Pemanfaatan Elektrolit Air Laut Sebagai Sumber Energi Listrik Baterai Dengan Elektroda Tembaga - Aluminium

2022-12-31T10:55:48+00:00

Electrical energy demand is increasing from time to time. Most sources of electrical energy come from petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Even though this energy source is non-renewable, the amount is dwindling, and it produces carbon emissions that can cause the greenhouse effect. Indonesia is an agrarian country whose territory is more than seventy percent of the ocean. Natural resources: seawater and beach sand are certainly very abundant. In this study, this natural material is used by researchers as a source of electrical energy in the form of a battery. As far as researchers know, research on the manufacture of battery cells by direct use of natural resources does not yet exist. Much is preliminary research on the extraction of basic materials so almost all research on batteries costs a lot of money by methods that are not simple. Therefore, this research is very important, because it uses a simple assembly method which is certainly time-saving and cost-effective. The battery array made consists of [Cathode || Electrolyte + Microporous Separator || anode]. The seawater-salt water battery cells made successfully turn on the lights, both LED lamps, and home light bulbs, with a large current generated of 13.56mA. The voltage produced by a battery cell is 1.31 V, while the series voltage for 2-3 batteries is 2.55 V and 3.6 V, respectively.

Forecasting Produksi Perikanan Budidaya Di Kota Palembang Dengan Metode Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)

2022-12-31T10:49:00+00:00

The number of aquaculture households in Palembang City continues to increase from 2017 only 682 households to 1,050 households in 2018. But on the contrary in terms of the amount of aquaculture production, the total production decreased by 24,259 tons in 2014 and only 20,327 tons in 2017 (BPS, 2018). One of the steps that can be taken to determine the condition of aquaculture in Palembang is by doing forecasting. This is useful for knowing or predicting the results of aquaculture production with precise accuracy. This study aims to determine the prediction of aquaculture production in Palembang City using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method. The results of the ACF and PACF plots show that both plots have a tail off pattern. the predictive model obtained is ARIMA (1,0,1) but after over fitting the model, the ARIMA model (2,0,1) is the best model because it has the smallest MAPE value, which is 48,30. Based on the ARIMA model (2,0.1), the forecast values for aquaculture production in Palembang City from 2021 to 2030 are 19542,598 tons, 12846,331 tons, 50682,093 tons, 43389,831 tons, 15352,492 tons. , 9595,313 tons, 26140,949 tons, 36258,543 tons, 29041,898 tons, and 19548.050 tons

Efektivitas Anti Jamur Perasan Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) Terhadap Daya Tetas Telur dan Kelangsungan Hidup Larva Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy)

2022-12-31T10:57:21+00:00

Produksi budidaya ikan gurami membutuhkan benih yang berkualitas dan ketersediaan benih yang kontinyu, namun kendala yang dihadapi adalah mortalitas dalam penetasan telur dan kelangsungan hidup yang disebabkan oleh jamur Saprolegnia sp yang menyerang telur-telur ikan, sehingga perlu dikendalikan dengan tindakan pencegahan. Daun sirih (Piper betle. L.) merupakan salah satu bahan alami yang dapat dijadikan alternatif karena mengandung minyak atsiri yang merupakan antibakteri dan antifungi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu perendaman telur dalam perasan daun sirih terhadap daya tetas telur, kelangsungan hidup larva ikan gurami (Osphronemus gouramy), tingkat serangan jamur Saprolegnia sp, serta waktu terbaik perendaman telur dalam perasan daun sirih. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah waktu terbaik untuk daya tetas telur dan kelangsungan hidup larva ikan gurami yaitu dengan perendaman perasan daun sirih adalah selama 20 menit (perlakuan P₃). Nilai daya tetas telur tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan P₃sebanyak 89.33%, tingkat serangan jamur Saprolegnia sp. terendah yaitu perlakuan P₅ sebanyak 3,33% dan untuk kelangsungan hidup larva tertinggi yaitu perlakuan P₃sebanyak 84,00%.

Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Obat Berpotensi Imunomodulator Di Kecamatan Leihitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

2022-12-31T10:49:09+00:00

ABSTRACT

Immunomodulatory is a drug or a substance that can modulate the activity and function of the immune system. If you take drugs that are immunomodulators, they can improve the work of the immune system in the human body, so that they are not easily attacked by infectious diseases. In general, the use of immunomodulatory drugs is in the form of synthetic or chemical drugs. However, it can cause side effects if used in the long term, such as indigestion, headache, fever, skin rash, constipation, and increase uric acid levels. Therefore, one of the solutions is by applying medicinal plants like was done by people in Leihitu District, Maluku Tengah. However, the existence of the plants has not recorded yet. Therefore, it needs a further action to inform larger people. The method of the research was through exploration by doing some techniques, such as, survey, interview to the chief of the village and people who knowing medical plants, and documentation as well as identification by using some relevant references. The results presents there are 46 plant species and belonging to 27 families, medicinal plants with immunomodulatory potential. Plant parts used as immunomodulatory herbal medicines are roots, stems, leaves, fruits, seeds, rhizomes, and tubers.

Padat Populasi Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens) dan Wereng Hijau (Nephotettix virescens ) pada Tanaman Padi Varietas Inpara 2 di Kampung Bokem Kabupaten Merauke Papua

2022-12-31T11:00:42+00:00

The purpose of this study was to analyze the population density and intensity of attack of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stall) and green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens) on rice plants of Inpara 2 variety in Bokem Village. The research was conducted from August to October 2022 in the rice fields of Bokem Village, Merauke District. Sampling was carried out on three rice fields with an area of 20 x 40 m divided by five observation sub-plots spread diagonally with a size of 2 x 2 meters. Plant height of Inpara 2 variety at the age of 14 DAP (23.1 cm), 28 DAP (33.2 cm), 42 DAP (53.8 cm), 56 DAP (64 cm) and 70 DAP (70.2 cm) . The number of tillers at the age of 14 days old (3.2 tillers), 28 days old (5.5 tillers), 42 days old (11 tillers) and 56 days old (12.1 tillers). The panicle length of the Inpara 2 rice variety was on average (21.1 cm) while the weight of 1000 grains was 14.7 grams. Brown planthopper population at the age of 14 days after planting (0.19 individuals), 28 days after birth (0.07 individuals), 42 days after birth (0.19 individuals) and 56 days after planting (0.31 individuals) while the green leafhopper population at 14 days old (0.30 individuals) 32 individuals), 28 days old (0.33 individuals), 42 days old (0.25 individuals) and 56 days old (0.01 individuals).

Keywords: Pest, Inpara 2, Population,Â Brown planthopper, green leafhoppers

Perbedaan Hasil Derajat Aglutinasi Serum Grouping Tube Test Dengan Suspensi Reagen NaCl 0,9% Siap Pakai dan Suspensi Reagen NaCl 0,9% Dari Garam Dapur

2022-12-31T11:07:17+00:00

ABO blood group examination is a simple laboratory test performed to determine a personâ€™s blood group. There are two types of ABO blood group test, namely cell grouping and serum grouping. Serum grouping examination is very important to prevent incompatible transfusion reactions and organ transplant rejection. Serum grouping was carried out using 10% saline wash suspension of cell A, B and O. The blood cell washing stage was used to remove fragile cells and interfering substances that could result in errors in the examination. The main ingredient used in the blood cell washing procedur is 0.9% NaCl. This study aims to determine the degree of agglutination serum grouping tube test with ready to use 0.9% NaCl reagent suspension and 0.9% NaCl reagent suspension from table salt. The type of research is an experiment. The study was conducted at UDD PMI South Sumatra Province on 30 December 2021 to 5 January 2022 with a totalsample of 67 samples. The results showed that the average degree of agglutination the serum grouping tube test with 0.9% NaCl reagent ready to use was 3.73 and the average degree of agglutination the serum grouping tube test with0.9% NaCl reagent from table salt was 3.69. Wilcoxon test results obtained p value = 0.450. The conclusion of the study, that there is no differences in the results of the agglutination serum grouping tube test with ready to use 0.9% NaCl reagen suspension and 0.9% NaCl reagent suspension from table salt. The table salt showed that 0.9% NaCl reagent can be used as alternative reagent NaCl 0.9% ready to use in the examination of Iserum grouping tube test.

Biokonsentrasi Timbal Dan Kadmium Terhadap Penaeus merguiensis Dalam Air Dan Sedimen Di Perairan Desa Sungsang I

2022-12-31T11:12:09+00:00

Sungsang Village is located at the mouth of the Musi River making this area dense with settlements and transportation activities, this contributes to damage and results in decreased water quality. This study aims to analyze the concentrations of Pb and Cd in water, sediment and white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) and examine the level of accumulation of Pb and Cd through the BCF values of Pb and Cd in white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) in water and sediment in the waters of Sungsang I Village. Results the study showed that the average concentration of Pb in water in the waters of Sungsang I Village was 0.104 mg/L, exceeding the threshold value in Kep.Minister of State for the Environment No. 51 of 2004. The average Pb content in sediments is 24.892 mg/Kg, still below the quality standards of the Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario. The average concentration of Pb in jerbung shrimp is 0.809 mg/Kg, this value exceeds the limit set by BPOM. The results of the Cd test showed that the average water content, sediment, and jerbung shrimp were 0.013 mg/L, 0.174 mg/Kg and 0.127 mg/Kg. The BCF Pb value of shrimp-sediment was 7.779 and BCF Pb of shrimp-sediment was 0.033. The BCF Cd of shrimp-sediments was 9.769 and the BCF Cd of shrimp-sediments was 0.730. The Pb and Cd bioconcentration values of the jerbung shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) in water and sediment are included in the low accumulative category, because the BCF value is <100.

Solution And Visualization 3D Plane Inverse Kinematics Method

2022-12-31T11:22:06+00:00

The hyper-redundant type of robot is a type of robot that in carrying out its duties in the field of kinematics its degrees of freedom exceed the required minimum degrees. The advantage will be increased capability in operation and performance, if the degrees of freedom are excessive, even in unorganized and complex systems and environments. Algebraic approach method in inverse kinematics algorithm analysis can use; analytic algebra, jacobian basis, analytic KI, exponential multiplication, grobner, and conformal geometry. Iterative approach method in inverse kinematics algorithm analysis can use; genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic, ANFIS, and evolutionary algorithm. The geometric approach method in the inverse kinematics algorithm analysis can use; capital method. The purpose of this study is to analyze a virtual 2 arm robot, which will use axis manipulation in three dimensions using an inverse kinematics solution, using a geometric approach. How to step along on the z axis by rotating and using the reverse kinematics solution to the desired location. The visualization results will be repeated so as to ensure the effectiveness of the algorithm. As for this algorithm will provide a single solution, and this algorithm will prevent and reduce singularities if the link is lower.