Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

Comparison of the Morphological Structure of Pollen in Five Provenances of Gyrinops versteegii (Thymelaeaceae) in Lombok

2024-02-01T07:10:30+00:00

Gyrinops versteegii (Thymelaeaceae) is one of the agarwood-producing trees originating from Lombok, there are five provenances, namely Pantai, Madu, Buaya, Soyun, and Beringin. This study aims to compare the morphological structure of pollen in five provenances of G. versteegii in Lombok. The method of sampling and data analyzes were used random sampling and descriptive. Samples were taken from West Lombok: Sidemen Village (Pantai), North Lombok: Menggala Village (Buaya), Gangga Village (Beringin), Central Lombok: Taman Baru Village (Madu), and Soyun from Karang Pule Village, Mataram. The study parameters were pollen diameter and pollen morphology: shape, aperture, and sculpture. The results showed that the size of pollen from Buaya was wider than that from Madu, Beringin and Pantai. Based on the length of the polar axis/equatorial diameter, Buaya Provenance, Beringin and Pantai pollen are round in shape, and Madu Provenance is subprolate in shape. The Buaya, Madu and Beringin provenances have a monocolpate opening type, and the Periporate type for the Pantai provenance.

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis in Determining Risk Factors of Acute Respiratory Infection (IRA) on Under-Five Children

2024-02-01T09:03:33+00:00

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a prevalent ailment and stands as one of the primary causes of mortality among children under the age of five. As reported by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, ARI predominantly affects children aged one to four years, with an incidence rate of 13.7%. Binary logistic regression is utilized to predict the likelihood of ARI occurrences in children under five, employing a linear combination of log-odds pertaining to suspected contributory factors. This study aims to evaluate the risk factors associated with ARI and develop an optimal logistic regression model by analyzing data from 166 participants who visited the Tarus regional health center between July 21 and September 1, 2023. Factors considered in this research as predictors for ARI (dependent variable ) include Immunization Status (X₁), exposure to cigarette smoke at residence (X2), exposure to wood smoke at residence (X3), exclusive breastfeeding (X4), and nutritional status (X5). The final analysis revealed that incomplete immunization, exposure to cigarette smoke, and exposure to wood smoke at residence significantly heighten the risk of ARI. The most fitting logistic model obtained was expressed as logit (π_ijk)=-1.1051+1.2297X₁+0.8709X₂+1.31085X₃.

Geographic Information System (GIS) Spatial Analysis to Detect the Distribution Pattern of Unused Land Fires at Ogan Ilir Regency

2024-03-18T08:57:31+00:00

Land fires pose a serious threat to the environment and communities in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. This study aims to analyze the distribution pattern of land fires using GIS spatial analysis technology. Through Sentinel-2 image classification and fire intensity analysis, it had been identified focal points of dormant land fires mainly in South Indralaya, North Indralaya, and West Pemulutan sub-districts. The results of this study provide in-depth insight into the spatial distribution of land fires and the factors that influence their occurrence. This research also produced a map of the distribution of fire hotspots in unused land areas. From the research, it can be concluded that spatial analysis can map in detail and comprehensively the burning locations on unused land. The implication of this research is the need to develop more effective mitigation strategies to address the risk of land fires in the future. Therefore, this study not only makes an important contribution to the scientific literature but also offers new directions for research and policy focused on sustainable and effective land fire risk management.

Comparison of Alum and Poly Aluminum Chloride Coagulant Performance on Turbidity and pH of Lematang Enim PDAM Raw Water

2024-02-01T07:30:55+00:00

Raw water is natural water found in lakes, rivers, streams, and underground sources before any treatment or purification processes. It typically contains various impurities, such as suspended solids, organic matter, pathogens, and dissolved minerals, which need to be removed to make it safe for consumption. Aluminum Sulfate and Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) are two commonly used chemicals in the treatment of raw water to remove impurities and make it suitable for drinking, industrial, or agricultural purposes. These chemicals play crucial roles in the purification process by aiding in the coagulation and flocculation of contaminants, which facilitates their removal through filtration. Study on raw water treatment using Aluminum Sulphate and Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) coagulants was carried out at Talang Jawa IPA PDAM Lematang Enim of Muara Enim District by taking raw water samples from Talang Jawa Intake and Pelita Sari Intake. This study aimed to find out the right type and dose of coagulant in the raw water treatment process. he test parameters were turbidity and pH values. The research was conducted using a jar test to determine the dose of coagulant. The results showed the use of solid PAC was more effective for both intakes. The optimum coagulant dose is 20 ppm PAC in the raw water of Talang Jawa intake and Pelita Sari intake with turbidity of 2.62 NTU and 4.15 NTU and pH of 7.8 and 7.6.

Spatial Analysis of Forest Fire Potential in Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve, Parigi Moutong District, Central Sulawesi

2024-03-04T03:10:34+00:00

This study aims to analyze the potential for forest fires in Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve, Parigi Moutong District, Central Sulawesi, by utilizing geographic information system data and mapping areas based on fire potential. The research method involved field surveys and the analysis of primary and secondary data. Forest fire hazards maps were obtained from the analysis of Landsat satellite images that were classified to provide information on land cover, slope, distance from roads, and categorized based on predetermined weighting categories. The overlay process was conducted using Geographic Information System software. The main findings indicate that the area has diverse land cover, with reed grassland savanna having the highest fire hazards covering an area of 1203.78 ha. Very steep slopes cover 339.94 ha, and the distance from roads and settlements to the highest hazards point is 140 meters. These variables also influence the level of hazards. Implications of this study include the placement of forest fire prevention patrols, the use of weather modification technology, and post-fire support to restore ecosystems.

Monitoring of Togeanensis Babirusa (Babyrousa togeanensis) Population in Togean Islands National Park

2024-03-26T06:35:34+00:00

Babyrousa togeanensis is an endemic wildlife of Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Government development programs and the increased activities of local communities in the Togean Islands National Park area are causing this animal habitat to be narrowed. Monitoring the Babyrousa togeanensis population is crucial to updating their numbers in protected areas to avoid extinction. This study used direct and indirect observation methods to investigate the Babirusa population at Urulepe Point, Togean Island. Our study showed that the total population of Babirusa individuals in the study coverage area was 58 individuals per km², higher than the number reported in the previous year. The increase in the number of Babirusa populations can be assumed to have occurred due to increased awareness of local people about the importance of protected wildlife, as well as a piece of evidence that conservation by the government through the TNKT has been successfully implemented. Environmental conditions in TNKT are good enough to support the habitat and needs of life and breeding of Togean Babirusa. The most effective method of monitoring Babirusa was camera traps because the wildlife avoids humans, making the direct transect strip method less effective for encountering Babirusa.

Utilizing the Welch-Powell Algorithm and the IDO (Incident Degree Ordering) Algorithm in Traffic Light Settings

2024-02-12T02:54:35+00:00

The road junction needs some help with the timing of traffic lights. One method for optimizing crossroads traffic light settings is using a graph approach that applies a vertex coloring algorithm. The Welch-Powell and IDO (Incident Degree Ordering) algorithms are used to solve this problem. This case study covers two crossroads, namely: the crossroads of Prof. Dr. H.B. Jassin, Jenderal Sudirman Street, and the crossroads of Prof. Dr. H.B. Jassin, Palma, Sarini Abdullah Street. The result showed that the Welch-Powell and IDO algorithms used for vertex coloring produced XG=3 chromatic numbers for Prof. Dr. H.B Jassin, Jenderal Sudirman Street, and XG=4 for Prof. Dr. H.B Jassin, Palma, and Sarini Abdullah Street. New data shows that green-light efficiency increases by 23.85% and red-light efficiency decreases by 19.26% for crossroads of three, and new data at crossroads of four shows that data in the field is more effective than new data.

Syngas Production Through Non Catalytic Gasification of Empty Fruit Bunch and Catalytics Using Natural Bentonite

2024-04-05T01:43:16+00:00

The high increase in production of empty oil palm fruit bunch waste in the palm oil industry has not been utilized optimally. Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) must be further processed with the aim of reducing pollution and increasing use value. The aim of this research is to compare syngas products using TKKS waste and using natural bentonite catalysts. Gasification is carried out at temperatures of 450, 500, 550, and 600°C. The addition of a natural bentonite catalyst to the gasification process can increase the composition and volume of the gas. In the gasification process, the higher the reaction temperature, the greater the conversion percentage produced. This is proven in the syngas product produced at a temperature of 600 °C. In non-catalytic EFB gasification, the largest concentrations of H₂ and CO were obtained, namely 21.86%vol and 11.93%vol. With the addition of natural bentonite, the concentrations of H₂ and CO increased by 27.18%vol and 14.21%vol. Gasification efficiency is seen from the optimum H₂/CO ratio value of 1.91, CG/NCG value of 5.81, CCE value of 77.07, and CGE value of 62.67. The calorific value in terms of the optimum HHV and LHV values is 11.40 MJ/Nm³ and 10.26 MJ/Nm³ using a bentonite catalyst. EFB catalytic gasification using a natural bentonite catalyst is better for producing high-quality synthetic gas products for the production of good environmental fuel.

Study of Decapod Diversity and Habitat in the Coastal Line Area of Bengkulu City Beach

2024-04-04T05:49:59+00:00

This research aims to identify abundance, species diversity, dominance, and evenness and to determine the type of decapod habitat on the coast of Bengkulu City. The method used is the survey method. The sampling location was divided into three stations: Pasir Putih Beach, Panjang Beach, and Kualo Beach. The sampling technique used transects, at each station, an area of 300 m was taken. Decapod diversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener formula, the dominance index (C) was analyzed using Simpson's dominance index, and the evenness index was calculated using Pielou. The results of the research show that on the coast of Bengkulu City, decapod species consisting of six families were found. The diversity index shows that at stations I (0.864/low), II (1.00/medium), and III (0.372/low). Dominance index at stations I (0.046/low), II (0.113/low), and III (0.003/low). Evenness index at stations I (0.415/height), II (0.466/height), and station III (0.92/height). The most common decapods found are the family Hippidae and the species Emerita emeritus, with a total of 18 individuals. The decapod habitat type on Bengkulu City Beach is a sandy beach type. Environmental parameters (DO, water pH, air humidity, light intensity, salinity, and temperature) are in conditions suitable for decapod life.

The Locating Chromatic Number for the New Operation on Generalized Petersen Graphs N_P(m,1)

2024-05-27T02:38:10+00:00

The locating chromatic number is a graph invariant that quantifies the minimum number of colors required for proper vertex coloring, ensuring that any two vertices with the same color have distinct sets of neighbors. This study introduces a new operation on generalized Petersen graphs denoted by N_(P(m,1)), exploring its impact on locating chromatic numbers. Through systematic analysis, we aim to determine the specific conditions under which this operation influences the locating chromatic number and provide insights into the underlying graph-theoretical properties. The method for computing the locating chromatic number for the new operation on generalized Petersen graphs, denoted by N_(P(m,1)), entails determining the lower and upper limits. The results indicate that the locating chromatic number for the new operation on the generalized Petersen graph is 4 for m=4 and 5 for m≥5. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of graph coloring.