Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
Sainmatika : Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam with registration number ISSN 1829 586X (print) dan ISSN 2581-0170 (online) is a scientific journal managed and published by the Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas PGRI Palembang. Sainmatika publishes research articles from laboratory or field experiments as well as theoretical and elaborative research in the field of Basic Sciences; Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics and Biology. The journal accepts articles in English. The journal is published twice a year in June and December. Sainmatika has also been accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education Science and Technology and indexed in SINTA with the S4 category. This journal has also been registered in the Crossreff system with Digital Object Identifier 10.31851/sainmatika starting Vol 15 No 1 June 2018. Journal Title Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam ISSN 2581-0170 (online)|1829 586X (print) Frequency 2 edition per year (June, December) DOI 10.31851/sainmatika Publisher Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas PGRI Palembang Subject Area Basic Science; Mathematic, Chemistry, Phisics, Biology Indexing Google Scholar | Dimension |SINTA | Others
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Occurrence of Jellyfish (Rhopilema hispidum and Crambione mastigophora) in Banyuasin Estuarine Waters Related to Environmental Conditions
Estuarine ecosystems are transitional waters characterized by high productivity and dynamic environmental conditions. In recent years, jellyfish occurrence has increasingly been reported in several coastal areas, including the Banyuasin estuary, South Sumatra. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between oceanographic parameters and jellyfish occurrence in Banyuasin estuarine waters. The research used a survey method through direct field observations conducted during seven fishing trips. Environmental parameters measured included temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, current velocity, water transparency, and depth. Total catch biomass was also recorded. Data were analyzed descriptively and using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed average environmental conditions of temperature 29.41°C, salinity 22.36 ppt, DO 6.43 mg/L, pH 6.95, current velocity 0.39 m/s, water transparency 25.56 cm, and depth 1.96 m. The total catch was dominated by shrimp at 865.50 kg (52.23%), followed by jellyfish at 541.50 kg (32.67%), fish at 208.35 kg (12.57%), and crabs at 41.90 kg (2.53%). PCA results showed that depth, water transparency, temperature, salinity, DO, and current velocity were associated with jellyfish occurrence in Banyuasin estuarine waters. These findings indicate that oceanographic conditions play an important role in supporting jellyfish occurrence and may serve as baseline information for monitoring environmental changes and managing estuarine ecosystems sustainably.
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Clove Powder and Oil Effects on Polyurethane Foam Density, Crystallinity, and Antimicrobial Activity
Polyurethane (PU) foam is widely used as an insulation material; however, its porous structure increases susceptibility to microbial growth. This study compares the effects of clove leaf powder and clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum) as natural additives on the density, crystallinity, and antimicrobial activity of PU foam. PU foam was synthesized via a one-shot method using a polyol-to-isocyanate ratio of 1:1.6, followed by the incorporation of clove leaf powder (0–5 wt%) and clove oil (0–15 wt%). Density was measured, crystallinity was analyzed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli. The addition of clove leaf powder decreased density due to non-uniform pore formation, whereas clove oil increased density, reaching approximately 0.067 g/cm³ at 15 wt%. Crystallinity increased with both additives; however, clove oil provided a more consistent enhancement, while clove leaf powder increased crystallinity up to ~15%. Antimicrobial activity was observed in all modified samples, with enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness for clove oil. Overall, clove oil outperforms clove leaf powder in improving the structural and antimicrobial properties of PU foam.
Passenger’s Forecasting at Tanjung Api-Api Port Using The Eksponential Smoothing
Tanjung Api-Api Port connects South Sumatra Province and Bangka Belitung Islands Province. A total of 15 ships divided into seven trips per day cross the Bangka Strait. Sea transportation is more popular among passengers because it is cheaper than air transportation. Forecasting passenger growth is necessary as a basis for improving passenger services. The forecasting method used is the Exponential Smoothing method, as passenger data over the past five years at Tanjung Api-Api Port shows a seasonal trend. The historical data used is passenger departure and arrival data. The results of the analysis show that departure passenger data is modelled using the Simple Seasonal model, while arrival passenger data is modelled using the Winter Additive model. The departure passenger data forecast shows a stable and consistent trend without any major spikes as in the previous period. Meanwhile, the arrival passenger data forecast shows a gradual and upward trend. The accuracy of the model obtained for forecasting departure passenger data was 76.5%, and the accuracy of the model for forecasting arrival passenger data was 81.86%. With the accuracy of the model obtained, passenger growth forecasts can be used as a reference for policies in managing facilities at Tanjung Api-Api Port.
Comparison of the Newton–Raphson and Secant Methods in a Simple Pendulum Model
Various problems in mathematics and physics, including the nonlinear pendulum model, cannot be solved analytically, so numerical methods are used to obtain approximate solutions with a certain error tolerance. This study compares the Newton–Raphson and Secant methods in solving nonlinear equations in a pendulum system based on iteration count, error, and convergence stability using a comparative quantitative approach. The results show that neither method is absolutely superior, as both successfully produced approximate solutions. The value of θ (angular displacement) decreases as the pendulum length (L) increases due to the proportional relationship involving potential energy and the factor mgL. The Newton–Raphson method reached the solution in 4 iterations, while the Secant method required 4–6 iterations. The average order of convergence for Newton–Raphson approaches p ≈ 2 (quadratic), whereas the Secant method approaches p ≈ 1.62 (superlinear). The differences between the two methods are more influenced by the choice of initial guesses and the respective mechanisms of each method.
The Diversity of Diseases Affecting Long Beans (Vigna sinensis L.) in the Banyuasin Region
Long bean (Vigna sinensis L.) is a widely cultivated legume in Indonesia, offering significant economic potential due to its ease of cultivation. However, its productivity is often hampered by major pathogens like Uromyces appendiculatus, which causes rust disease, and various mosaic viruses. Rust disease manifests as small brown powdery spots on leaves, while viral infections can severely reduce or even eliminate fresh pod yields. This field study aimed to identify the primary diseases affecting long beans, determine their causative agents, and distinguish their specific symptoms. The research employed a survey method through purposive sampling on farmers' land. Observations were conducted across several different plots using a diagonal sampling technique at multiple points to collect plant samples. The results indicated that both fungal rust and viral mosaic are the predominant diseases impacting local crops. This inventory provides essential data for farmers to better recognize and differentiate symptoms, ultimately supporting more effective disease management and safeguarding the economic value of long bean production in the region.
The Potential of Endophytic Fungi from Jeruju Stems (Acanthus ilicifolius) as a Source of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity
The mangrove biodiversity of Indonesia is rich and offers great potential for the discovery of bioactive compounds. The mangrove plant known as jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) has long been used in medicine and is recognized to include endophytic fungus capable of generating biologically active secondary metabolites. This investigation's goal was to distinguish and assess endophytic fungi from the stem of A. ilicifolius as possible sources of antibacterial and antioxidant substances. After being isolated using surface sterilization techniques and cultivated on suitable media, endophytic fungi were characterized both macroscopically and microscopically. Liquid fermentation and solvent extraction were used to produce fungal extracts. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method, while antibacterial activity against many harmful bacteria was measured using the disc diffusion method. According to the results, the isolated endophytic fungus displayed a range of morphological characteristics and bioactivities. Among the isolates, BR6, which was identified as Penicillium sp., showed the greatest antioxidantsactivity with an IC50 value of 28.1 µg/mL. This isolate also shown strong antibacterial activity, has over 70% inhibition rates against Staphylococcussaureus, Bacillusssubtilis, Escherichiaccoli, and Salmonellattyphi. These findings imply that endophytic fungi from A. ilicifolius, particularly Penicillium sp., have significant potential as natural sources of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds for use in pharmaceutical and medical applications.
Diversity of Pathogenic Fungal Leaf Blight on Corn Plants In Tanjung Pering Village, North Indralaya District
The decline in corn production due to leaf blight reached 15%, equivalent to US$1.0 billion. In South Sumatra, the incidence of leaf blight disease in corn plants reached 98%. However, there have been few reports on the various pathogens that can cause corn leaf blight in South Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of disease, the intensity of disease attack, and the diversity of fungal pathogens causing leaf blight disease in Tanjung Pering Village, North Indralaya, South Sumatra. The methods used in this study were observation of disease incidence and disease attack intensity, and purposive random diagonal sampling of plants. Observations were conducted at weekly intervals for five times, and the plant samples were identified at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases. The results show that the incidence of corn leaf blight reached 100% with an average disease intensity of 28.60%. Identification of the pathogens causing the disease revealed differences in fungal species and numbers between observations. The diversity index for each observation was <1, and the dominance index was small or close to 0. The pathogenic fungi causing corn leaf blight consisted of B. sacchari, B. maydis, B. panici-miliacei, B. oryzae, H. juglandinum, H. microsorum, H. quercicola, H. velutinum, C. pseudobrachyspora, and C. dactyloctenicola. Thus, based on the observation results, the intensity of leaf blight disease attack was classified as low, with a low species diversity index and a low dominance index.
Incidence of Banana Leaf-Rollers Caterpillar (Erionota thrax L.) Attack on Banana Mas (Musa acuminata), South Sumatra
Banana plants are among the tropical fruit crops widely cultivated in Indonesia. Banana cultivation is not immune to pests that can reduce banana production. One pest that attacks banana plants is the banana skipper (Erionota thrax L.). This pest is characterized by its method of attacking plants: rolling up banana leaves. Indonesia is known as one of the world's banana producers. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of attack caused by leaf-rolling caterpillars on plantain trees in South Sumatra. This study used the Purposive Sampling method, while the data collection technique was carried out by taking samples from banana plants (Musa acuminata) affected in South Sumatra, consisting of 5 regencies/cities, namely Banyuasin Regency, Muara Enim Regency, Ogan Ilir Regency, East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, and Lubuk Linggau City. Based on the research results, the highest percentage of affected banana clumps was in East OKU Regency at 29%, while the lowest was in Lubuk Linggau City at 13%. The highest number of affected banana stems was in Ogan Ilir Regency at 26%, and the lowest was in Banyuasin Regency at 11%. The highest percentage of attacks was in Lubuk Linggau City at 46.67%, and the lowest was in Banyuasin Regency at 34.78%. Lubuk Linggau is located in the lowlands and midlands, which provide E. thrax with suitable temperatures, resulting in healthier banana plants and better food for the larvae.
Water Physical Quality in the Mangrove Area of ​​the Air Telang Protected Forest During the West Season
This study investigates the water quality in the mangrove area of the Air Telang Protected Forest, Banyuasin Regency, during the western monsoon season. The research was conducted from February to October 2025 using a survey method. Sampling was carried out through purposive sampling at five observation stations: Station 1 (Pasir Timbul), Station 2 (Sonneratia zone), Station 3 (Avicennia zone), Station 4 (Nipah zone), and Station 5 (Rhizophora zone). The observed parameters included physical parameters (clarity, color, odor, and temperature). The results showed that among the physical parameters, only odor and temperature met the standards, whereas color and clarity did not. These findings indicate that the water quality in the Air Telang Protected Forest during the western monsoon season is potentially polluted.
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The Effect of Different Dosages of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Seedlings in the CV. Gotama Nursery
This study aims to evaluate the effect of various dosages of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the growth of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) seedlings during the nursery phase. The FMA treatments consisted of 5 grams, 12.5 grams, 15 grams, 17.5 grams, and 20 grams, alongside a control group without AMF application. Key observed variables included plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf count, and phosphorus (P) availability in the growing medium over a one-month period. The results demonstrated that AMF application significantly enhanced plant height, leaf length, leaf number, and phosphorus availability in the medium. The 20-gram AMF dosage yielded the most favorable outcomes, with average plant height reaching 22.2 cm by the fourth week and phosphorus availability peaking at 1209.75 ppm—substantially higher than the control group. However, leaf width did not exhibit a significant increase during the observation period, likely due to genetic and environmental factors. In conclusion, optimal AMF dosages (15–20 grams) effectively promote vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings and improve phosphorus availability in the growing medium. Therefore, precise AMF application can support sustainable success in oil palm seedling cultivation.
Diversity and Population Dynamic of Arthropod Visitors in Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Agroecosystems
Previous studies have emphasized the ecological benefits of shaded agroecosystems in enhancing arthropod diversity and maintaining ecosystem stability, yet limited research has focused on Momordica charantia under such conditions. This study aimed to assess the diversity and abundance of arthropods inhabiting bitter melon plants grown beneath shade. The research was conducted for five consecutive weeks using direct observation and trapping methods in a field setting, with specimens identified to the morphospecies level and classified by ecological role. A total of 465 individuals were recorded, consisting of pollinators, detritivores, pests, and predators. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’) indicated moderate diversity, and the evenness index (E) showed high community uniformity, reflecting ecological stability. Pollinators and detritivores were the most dominant functional groups, while pests and predators appeared in low abundance, suggesting natural regulatory interactions. These findings demonstrate that shaded bitter melon ecosystems can sustain high arthropod diversity and provide essential ecosystem services such as pollination and biological control, supporting sustainable agroecosystem management.
Effect of Various Concentrations of Organic Avocado Peel Stimulant on Latex Yield of Rubber Plant (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Clone PB 260
Rubber plants are a very important plantation commodity in Indonesia, rubber plants provide a significant contribution as a supplier of rubber raw materials and play an important role in environmental conservation and biological resources. Rubber plants produce latex, to improve the quality of latex, improvements that can be made are by using grafted seeds. Therefore, in cultivating rubber plants, good planting materials are needed to support the productivity of rubber plants. To increase latex production in rubber plants, stimulant treatment is needed. This study aims to determine the effect of providing organic stimulants from avocado (Persea americana Mill) fruit peels on the latex yield of clone PB 260 and to obtain the best concentration results from providing organic stimulants from avocado (Persea americana Mill) fruit peels. The method used is a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of one treatment factor, namely the concentration of ethrel and the concentration of avocado peel extract consisting of 6 treatment levels. A0 = Without Stimulant, A1 = Ethrel 10pa Concentration 2.5%, A2 = Avocado Peel Extract Concentration 50 gr/300ml, A3 = Avocado Peel Extract Concentration 100 gr/300ml, A4 = Avocado Peel Extract Concentration 150 gr/300ml, A5 = Avocado Peel Extract Concentration 200 gr/300ml. Each treatment had 4 repetitions, so there were 24 experimental plants.
Multi-Objective KNN Algorithm Based on the Level Expenditure in the Snack Food Group for Classification of City in Indonesia
Classification is an analytical process aimed at grouping objects into specific categories based on the relationships between attributes. Classification can be used in planning the supply and distribution of specific products. This study aims to classify cities in Indonesia based on the level of expenditure in the snack food group by applying the Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN-MOPSO). The results of this classification can be used to see an overview of the level of food expenditure in each district/city in Indonesia. The KNN-MOPSO algorithm is solved using Python programming. The RandomizedSearchCV module is used to determine the best k parameters and the Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms in Python (DEAP) module is used for the MOPSO solving stage. The ratio of training data and testing data used to 80% and 20% from 496 dataset. Based on testing data, there are 81 districts/cities in the low category and 19 districts/cities in the high category.The accuracy results obtained are 96% in very good criteria and F1 score 93.50%. Based on the data, the application of the Multiobjective KNN algorithm with the addition of the searchCV and DEAP modules can improve model performance.
The Development of New Operations for Tensor Products of Product Fuzzy Graphs, Strong Product Fuzzy Graphs, and Complete Product Fuzzy Graphs
The purpose of this study is to develop new properties of product fuzzy graphs in the form of tensor product operations. The research method used consists of a preliminary stage, a stage of defining and theorems, a stage of proving theorems and verifying research results. The results of this study obtained the definition of tensor product operations from fuzzy graph products. Furthermore, it was found that the graph resulting from tensor product operations is a fuzzy graph, the tensor product operations of strong product fuzzy graphs are strong, and the tensor product operations of complete product fuzzy graphs are strong.
Application of Cymbopogon nardus as a control of Plant Disturbing Organism Cercospora leaf spot in chili (Capsicum anuum L.)
Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most valuable agricultural commodities in Indonesia and is always in demand. One of the most common problems encountered in the cultivation of this crop is the presence of diseases that affect the plant, one of which is Cercospora leaf spot. Using environmentally friendly materials to control plant diseases is currently a necessary factor. The application of Cymbopogon nardus as a plant disease controller has been widely adopted. The author was interested in testing the ability of C. nardus to control Cercospora leaf spot disease in chilli plants. The study was conducted in the ATC (Agriculture Training Centre) field trial in South Sumatra. Pathogen identification was carried out in the Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Pest and Disease Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The results of the study showed that the application of a C. nardus concentration of 6.25 mL/5 L resulted in the lowest leaf spot growth at observations 12 and 13. Using C. nardus extract for control is an environmentally friendly method that can be used for control.
Clustering Optimization Using K-Means with Principal Component Analysis and Mean-Median Based Centroid Initialization
East Java is the province with the second largest population in Indonesia, which results in major challenges in solving poverty and unemployment, so clustering of districts/cities is needed to identify areas that need more attention, especially in certain aspects of welfare. This study uses data on community welfare indicators in East Java Province and the K-Means clustering algorithm combined with PCA and mean-median centroid initialization. From this method, six clusters were formed, with the main focus on increasing economic growth, decreasing unemployment, and improving the quality of life, which in turn can reduce poverty, thus improving overall welfare. The results show that the application of PCA to K-Means is able to improve the quality of clustering results, while centroid initialization with the mean median value can accelerate the convergence process of K-Means, where the PCA formed produces two principal components with a cumulative percentage of variance of 58%. The clustering evaluation resulted in a Silhouette Coefficient value of 0.505 and DBI of 0.601 with 7 iterations.
Reusability and Reaction Kinetics of Pillared Palm Shell-Based Activated Carbon for Synthetic Dye Adsorption
The increasing discharge of synthetic dye effluents from industrial processes poses severe environmental concerns due to their toxicity, persistence, and aesthetic impact on water bodies. This study investigates the reusability potential and reaction kinetics of aluminum/iron-pillared activated carbon derived from palm shell biomass for synthetic dye adsorption. Activated carbon was prepared through carbonization, acid activation, and metal pillaring, followed by multiple adsorption–desorption cycles using a 25 ppm dye solution. Adsorption efficiency was evaluated over five consecutive reuse cycles, while kinetic models including zero-, first-, and second-order reactions were applied to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amine groups, indicating enhanced surface activity after metal pillaring. Results showed that adsorption efficiency peaked at the fourth cycle with a 76.67% color removal before declining due to pore saturation and fouling effects. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process followed a zero-order reaction model (R² = 0.878), suggesting constant adsorption rates independent of dye concentration. These findings highlight the feasibility of reusing pillared palm shell-based activated carbon for wastewater treatment applications and provide insights into its regeneration strategies for sustainable pollutant removal.
Cultivation of White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Indralaya
The cultivation of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Indralaya is insufficient to supply market, due to limited knowledge and cultivation practices among local communities. This field practice aimed to examine the stages, maintenance methods, marketing strategies, and challenges in oyster mushroom cultivation. The research was conducted at Mr. Eko Supandi’s oyster mushroom farm in Payakabung Village, North Indralaya Subdistrict, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. The case study method was employed. The results revealed that the cultivation process consists of several stages: construction of the mushroom house (kumbung), seed preparation and production, substrate or baglog preparation (including substrate preparation, material mixing and composting, packing, and pasteurization), inoculation, seed incubation for 40–60 days, baglog maintenance, harvesting, and post-harvest handling. Marketing channels include local communities, traditional and modern markets, as well as distributors.
The Attack Level of Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) on Pisang Tanduk (Musa paradisiaca L.) in South Sumatera
Pisang tanduk (Musa paradisiaca L.) is a plant with very abundant fruit. Banana horns are characterized by a fruit length that is longer than other types of banana, ranging from 25-30 cm. However, banana productivity is still very low due to the Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) disease. This research in 12 regencies/cities in the South Sumatra region. This research applies a purposive sampling method by determining the coordinates of the horn banana plantation and photographing them with a timestamp camera. The results of this field practice show that the symptoms of BBTV attacks are characterized by the presence of small/dwarf banana trees with hardened and straight/erect leaf veins facing the top and changing color to yellowish. The district/city with the largest percentage of attacks was in the Palembang area with 69% of the total number of bananas found. From this field practice it can be concluded that the distribution of horn bananas in the South Sumatra region is not evenly distributed. Communities should reduce the use of pesticides and continue to carry out land sanitation on banana plantations to reduce the population of weeds associated with pisang tanduk.
The Effect of Physical Activity on Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) Level as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Young Adults
Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to neutralize them with antioxidants. In young adults, oxidative stress is a significant risk factor for chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. This study aims to analyze the effect of physical activity on oxidative stress biomarkers, specifically malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), in young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 50 participants aged 20–30 years, categorized into low, moderate, and high physical activity groups. Physical activity levels were assessed using a questionnaire, while MDA and GPX levels were measured through blood sample analysis using the spectrophotometric method. The data were analyzed using correlation and ANOVA tests to evaluate the relationships and differences in biomarker levels among the physical activity groups. The results showed significant differences in oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant capacity between physical activity groups (p < 0.05). Higher physical activity levels were associated with lower MDA levels, indicating reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. These findings support the promotion of regular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among young adults as an effective strategy for enhancing antioxidant defense, reducing oxidative stress, and potentially preventing chronic diseases linked to oxidative damage.
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Diversity of Secondary Metabolites of Eurycoma Longifolia and Its Prospects as Anticancer Agents Based on Sumatran Bioresources: A review
Eurycoma longifolia, commonly known as Tongkat Ali or Pasak Bumi, is a traditional medicinal plant widely used in Southeast Asia, including Sumatra, Indonesia. It is traditionally recognized for its aphrodisiac and general health-promoting properties. However, recent phytochemical and pharmacological studies have identified a diverse range of secondary metabolites in this plant, such as quassinoids, alkaloids, triterpenes, and squalene derivatives, that exhibit promising anticancer activities. This review aims to comprehensively explore the diversity of secondary metabolites found in E. longifolia populations in Sumatra and assess their potential as anticancer agents by analyzing local bioresources. A systematic literature review was conducted by collecting data from scientific databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using targeted keywords. Selection criteria focused on studies discussing secondary metabolite content, anticancer mechanisms, toxicological data, and drug development potential. The findings show that several compounds in E. longifolia can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and prevent angiogenesis and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Despite challenges such as low bioavailability and lack of clinical trials, the plant’s abundant presence in Sumatra and the bioactivity of its metabolites make it a promising candidate for the development of novel, plant-based anticancer therapies. Further research and standardization are recommended to optimize its pharmaceutical application.
Parameter Estimation of Logistic Growth Model for Covid-19 Cases in Lampung Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an optimization algorithm inspired by the behavior and movements of flocks of animals such as birds, fish, insects. In this study, we implement PSO algorithm to estimate the parameters of a mathematical model depicting population growth in the form logistics curve. The model is fitted to COVID-19 cumulative cases in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Based on the results obtained, PSO shows very good performance in estimating the parameters of the Covid-19 growth curve in Lampung Province, with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value of all observations of less than 10%. We found that the MAPE decline as the number of particles increases.
The Effectiveness of Liquid Trichoderma harzianum Application in Enhancing Tomato Growth (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Suppressing Fusarium Wilt Disease
Trichoderma is used as a biological control agent, this fungus has microparasitic and antibiotic properties against soil-borne pathogens. This study aims to investigate the impact of Trichoderma on tomato growth and the progression of Fusarium wilt disease infection. The method used was the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method. Data from the observation of the intensity of Fusarium wilt disease attack on tomato plants with treatments (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) showed no significant differences. The treatment of Trichoderma on plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruits, and intensity of attack did not have a significant effect in suppressing the development of Fusarium wilt disease infection in tomato plants. Trichoderma application treatment that had the highest effect on tomato plant growth was found in treatment P4 (tomato seedlings soaked for 25 minutes using Trichoderma). The treatment with the lowest intensity of Fusarium wilt attack was found in treatment P5 (Trichoderma incubation in the soil 10 days before planting), showing a better reduction in wilt intensity compared to other treatments.
Optimizing Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Using Fly Ash and Bottom Ash
Acid mine drainage (AMD), characterized by high acidity and elevated concentrations of heavy metals, poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. This study aims (1) to analyze and optimize the effects of fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) on the reduction of pH, Fe, Mn, and total suspended solids (TSS) through adsorption processes, and (2) to evaluate the impact of varying adsorbent mass ratios in determining optimal treatment efficiency. Adsorption experiments were conducted using 10, 20, and 30 g of FA, BA, and their combinations, with surface morphology characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that 30 g of BA achieved the highest removal efficiency, increasing pH from 2.8 to 7.5, reducing Fe from 12.2 mg/L to 1.6 mg/L, Mn from 7.9 mg/L to 0.9 mg/L, and TSS from 40 mg/L to 5 mg/L. SEM analysis revealed that BA possesses a higher pore density and carbon content than FA, offering a greater number of active sites for adsorption. The t-test indicated that the individual and combined effects of FA (X1), BA (X2), and their mixture (X3) significantly influenced treatment performance. An adjusted R² value of 83.9% confirmed a strong correlation between adsorbent variables and improvements in AMD quality.
The Evaluation of Integrated Disease Management of Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) In East Buay Madang District, Ogan Komering Regency, South Sumatra
Rice is a staple food source for people in Indonesia Rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) are one type of hydrophytic spermatopyta plant. The method used in this research is the survey method, which involves directly visiting the land and conducting surveys in several food crop fields in Buay Madang Timur District, Oku Timur Regency. Observation of farmers' fields by observing disease intensity and the application of the concept of integrated pest and disease control. Additionally, by documenting the symptoms of disease attack and recording the results obtained through direct land observations. The results showed the calculation of the incidence of blast disease attacks in Srimulyo Village on land 1 to land 10 including the moderate attack category which is 44%, land 11 to 20 the lowest attack category is 20% and the category of moderate attack percentage is 46% and on land 20 to 30 the category of moderate attack with a percentage of 42%. As well as based on the calculation of the intensity of blast disease attack in Srimulyo Village on the 1st land to the 10th land including the mild attack category which is 15.5%, while on land 11 to 20 the mild attack category with a percentage of 19% while on land 20 to 30 the mild attack attack category with a percentage of 15.6%.
The Efficacy of Citronella Extract (Cymbopogon nardus L.) in Inhibiting The Development of Anthracnose Disease in Chili Plants (Capsicum annuum L.)
Chili (Capsicum spp.) are members of the Solanaceae family, which includes many cultivated plants. They are frequently used by farmers and have a spicy taste that makes them a popular ingredient in Indonesian cuisine.The objective of this study is to observe the effect of citronella extract on the inhibition of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici in chili plants.This disease, caused by the aforementioned pathogen, manifests as blackish-brown patches on the affected area. The affected area undergoes desiccation and detachment over time.The experimental design employed a Group Randomized Design (GRD) method, comprising six treatments (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5), each repeated five times.The experimental treatment involved the application of citronella extract, varying in dosage concentration among the treatments. This research was carried out on the Agrotech Training Center land of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University.
Risk Factors Related to Anemia in Oil Palm Plantation Workers in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency
Anemia is a common health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Oil palm plantation workers are at high risk of developing anemia due to various factors such as diet, working conditions, and pesticide exposure. This study analyzes the risk factors associated with anemia in oil palm plantation workers in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. The research method used was an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires with 33 oil palm plantation workers. The variables studied included age, occupation, level of knowledge, family support, and specific exposure. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The results showed that the incidence of anemia in plantation workers reached 14.7%. Occupational factors (p = 0.011) and family support (p = 0.005) had a significant relationship with the incidence of anemia. However, no significant relationship was found between age (p = 0.414), level of knowledge (p = 1.000), and exposure (p = 0.634) with the incidence of anemia. This study concludes that occupational factors and family support contribute to the incidence of anemia in oil palm plantation workers. Further research is needed to explore other risk factors that may influence the incidence of anemia in this group.
A Mini Review of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) as DNA Profiling Markers in Forensic Biology
The use of forensic biology methods plays an important role in handling criminal cases such as sexual violence, murder, and assault to enhance the quality of criminal investigation. These methods use polymorphic genetic markers such as short tandem repeat (STR) or microsatellites to identify individuals based on the DNA profile of the cell nucleus left on the evidence. STR markers are considered suitable for forensic analysis due to their ability to work with degraded DNA and the high heterozygosity, providing strong discrimination capabilities. The DNA profiling process involves collecting evidence samples, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, capillary electrophoresis, and comparison with national or international DNA databases. All processes follow standards to ensure accurate results. Challenges in STR analysis include the need for skilled analysts, protocol updates, database expansion, and ethical considerations regarding genetic data. Improvements in the forensic system will enhance law enforcement effectiveness and strengthen public trust in the future of forensic science.
Antonia Anindyanari Paramartastri Nitisara
Effect of Curcuma Zanthorrhiza on Population and Infectivity of Pentalonia Nigronervosa as A Vector of Banana Bunchy Top Virus Disease
BBTV (Banana Bunchy Top Virus) is a viral disease that attacks cultivated banana plants and can cause stunting. The symptoms of BBTV disease attack on banana plants are narrowed, piled up leaves and stunted plants. The disease is caused by an insect vector. Pentalonia nigronervosa is the vector insect that transmits BBTV disease. The purpose of the research was to see the java turmeric plant as an alternative host for population growth and BBTV disease vector. The method in the study used a Randomized Group Design. This treatment consists of two treatments with 10 replications. Based on the results of research conducted on the population of P. nigronervosa experienced fluctuations, but high growth in water media. BBTV disease that attacks banana plants in each treatment has the highest incidence in the control treatment, namely, 73.33% dan the lowest disease incidence the turmeric treatment was 6.67%. The highest intensity of BBTV disease attack in the control treatment was 42.06%, while the lowest in the Javanese turmeric treatment was 1.50%. P. nigronervosa inoculated on Javanese turmeric for 72 days can suppress BBTV disease transmission. However, based on the analysis of each treatment, no significant differences were found. P. nigronervosa has the highest population in the soil medium 95.4 individuals and water medium 86.7 individuals. The population of P. nigronervosa has a good development in turmeric plants.
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Preliminary Study on the Measurement of Cadmium Levels in Scavenger Hair at Sukawinatan Landfill Palembang
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with the potential to contaminate the environment, particularly in landfill sites using open dumping systems, such as the Sukawinatan Landfill in Palembang. This study aims to measure Cd levels in scavengers’ hair as an indicator of heavy metal exposure. A cross-sectional study design was conducted in January 2024, with hair samples collected from five respondents using purposive sampling techniques. Cd levels were measured using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The results showed that Cd levels in the scavengers' hair ranged from 0.31 to 0.99 ppm, exceeding the normal limit set which is <0.10 ppm. The duration of work as a scavenger was identified as the dominant factor influencing Cd levels, although anomalies were observed in younger scavengers with high exposure intensity. These findings suggest that the working environment at the landfill significantly contributes to the accumulation of Cd in the body. This study provides preliminary insights into the health risks faced by scavengers at the Sukawinatan Landfill, which can serve as a basis for developing policies and mitigation measures to improve scavengers' occupational health and safety.