An Analyzing Locomotor Skill Profiles of Elementary Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31851/hon.v8i2.18425Abstract
This investigation was undertaken to rigorously analyze the locomotor skill proficiency of students attending SD Negeri 03 Lima Kaum, Tanah Datar. Adopting a quantitative descriptive research design, the study sought to delineate, elucidate, and synthesize the spectrum of conditions and phenomena pertinent to the locomotor abilities exhibited by the student population under investigation. Data acquisition was facilitated through the administration of the locomotor subtest of the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2), a standardized and validated instrument for assessing fundamental movement skills. A purposive sampling strategy was employed to select a representative cohort of twenty students for participation in the study, ensuring focused data collection relevant to the research objectives. The resultant quantitative data were subsequently subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, specifically percentage distribution, to ascertain the prevalence of varying locomotor skill levels within the sampled population. The findings of this analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of locomotor skill classifications among the participants: (1) eight students (40%) demonstrated “Competent” locomotor skills, achieving scores within the 34-37 range; (2) five students (25%) were classified as exhibiting “Moderate” locomotor skills; (3) six students (30%) presented with “Deficient” locomotor skills; and (4) a single student (5%) was categorized as possessing “Inadequate” locomotor skills. The calculated mean locomotor skill level for the entire student sample fell within the “Moderate” classification. This central tendency suggests a potential area for pedagogical focus, indicating the possible necessity for the implementation of targeted interventions designed to enhance the fundamental locomotor competencies of this student population. Further research exploring the underlying factors contributing to these observed skill levels is warranted to inform the development of effective instructional strategies.
References
Altunsöz, I. H., & Goodway, J. D. (2016). SKIPing to motor competence: the influence of project successful kinesthetic instruction for preschoolers on motor competence of disadvantaged preschoolers. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 21(4), 366–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1017453
Anastasiou, K., Morris, M., Akam, L., & Mastana, S. (2024). The Genetic Profile of Combat Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review of Physiological, Psychological and Injury Risk Determinants. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 21, Issue 8). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081019
Andli Marta, I., Oktarifaldi, O., Hatchi, I., Wisma, N., Rosalina, V., Nopembri, S., Erhan Orhan, B., Kurnaz, M., & Izwan bin Shahril, M. (n.d.). Characteristics of gross motor skills of elementary school students aged 7 and 8 years: a cross-sectional study Características de las Habilidades Motoras Gruesas de Estudiantes de Primaria de 7 y 8 Años: Un Estudio Transversal. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/index
Arman, M., Barnett, L. M., Bowe, S. J., Bahram, A., & Kazemnejad, A. (2021). The validity and reliability of scales to measure perceived movement skill competence in iranian young children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 9(1), 58–79. https://doi.org/10.1123/JMLD.2019-0023
Atradinal, Vetra, Y., Jonni, Oktarifaldi, Syahputra, R., Mardela, R., & Bakhtiar, S. (2020). Effect of Balance on Development Level of the Locomotor Capabilities of Kindergarten Children. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200805.072
Bakhtiar, S. (2015). Merancang Pembelajaran Gerak Dasar Anak. In UNP Press.
Bakhtiar, S., & Famelia, R. (2018). Institute Role of Teachers’ Education in Improving the Standard of Development Achievement Rate and Standard of Teacher and Education Personnels of Early Childhood Education. https://doi.org/10.2991/icece-17.2018.20
Bakhtiar, S., Famelia, R., Syahputra, R., Oktavianus, I., & Goodway, J. (2020). Developing a Motor Skill-Based Curriculum for Preschools and Kindergartens as a Preventive Plan for Children With Obesity in Indonesia. 21(Icsshpe 2019), 106–110. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200824.065
Bakhtiar, S., Johor, Z., Oktarifaldi, & Putri, L. P. (2019). Implementation of Learning and Fundamental Measurement of Early Childhood Motor Skill for PAUD Teachers Padang Panjang City. Journal Humanities, 1(1), 36–47.
Bıçakçı, B., Cięszczyk, P., & Humińska-Lisowska, K. (2024). Genetic Determinants of Endurance: A Narrative Review on Elite Athlete Status and Performance. In International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Vol. 25, Issue 23). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313041
Chang, S. H., Ward, P., & Goodway, J. D. (2020). The effect of a content knowledge teacher professional workshop on enacted pedagogical content knowledge and student learning in a throwing unit. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25(5), 493–508. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1743252
Clark, J. E. (2007). On the Problem of Motor Skill Development. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2007.10598023
Dilandes, A. A., Syahputra, R., Oktarifaldi, O., Putri, L. P., & Bakhtiar, S. (2022). Perbedaan Level Kemampuan Objek Kontrol Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin dan Usia PAUD. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 18(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21831/jpji.v18i1.48464
Duncan, M. J., Roscoe, C. M. P., Noon, M., Clark, C. C. T., O’Brien, W., & Eyre, E. L. J. (2020). Run, jump, throw and catch: How proficient are children attending English schools at the fundamental motor skills identified as key within the school curriculum? European Physical Education Review, 26(4), 814–826. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X19888953
Goodway, J. D., Famelia, R., & Bakhtiar, S. (2014). Future directions in physical education & sport: Developing fundamental motor competence in the early years is paramount to lifelong physical activity. Asian Social Science, 10(5), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n5p44
Goodway, J. D., Ozmun, J. C., & Gallahue, D. L. (2012). Understanding motor development: Infants, adolescents, adults. In Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Goodway, J. D., & Robinson, L. E. (2015). Developmental Trajectories in Early Sport Specialization: A Case for Early Sampling from a Physical Growth and Motor Development Perspective. Kinesiology Review, 4(3), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1123/kr.2015-0028
Jarvis, S., Williams, M., Rainer, P., Saunders, J., & Mullen, R. (2020). The relationship of family characteristics, parental beliefs and parenting behaviours with the fundamental movement proficiency of primary school children in South East Wales. European Physical Education Review, 26(4), 970–986. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X20915225
Johor, Z., Mezra, M. R., Khairuddin, Nirwandi, Oktarifaldi, Oktavianus, I., & Bakhtiar, S. (2020). Effect of Body Mass Index on the Level Development of Early Childhood Locomotors Capabilities in Children Aged 5 to 6 Years. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200805.057
Kokstejn, J., Musalek, M., Wolanski, P., Murawska-Cialowicz, E., & Stastny, P. (2019). Fundamental motor skills mediate the relationship between physical fitness and soccer-specific motor skills in young soccer players. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(MAY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00596
Logan, S. W., Barnett, L. M., Goodway, J. D., & Stodden, D. F. (2017). Comparison of performance on process- and product-oriented assessments of fundamental motor skills across childhood. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1183803
Martins, C. M. de L., Bandeira, P. F. R., Lemos, N. B. A. G., Bezerra, T. A., Clark, C. C. T., Mota, J., & Duncan, M. J. (2020). A network perspective on the relationship between screen time, executive function, and fundamental motor skills among preschoolers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238861
Newell, K. M. (2020). What are Fundamental Motor Skills and What is Fundamental About Them? Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 8, 280–314. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0013
Nilsen, A. K. O., Anderssen, S. A., Loftesnes, J. M., Johannessen, K., Ylvisaaker, E., & Aadland, E. (2020). The multivariate physical activity signature associated with fundamental motor skills in preschoolers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(3), 264–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1694128
O’Neill, J. R., Williams, H. G., Pfeiffer, K. A., Dowda, M., McIver, K. L., Brown, W. H., & Pate, R. R. (2014). Young children’s motor skill performance: Relationships with activity types and parent perception of athletic competence. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(6), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.253
Putri, L. P., Syahputra, R., & Andli, I. (2020). Nutritional Status Effect On Object Control Ability In Children Age 5 to 6 Year. 4(2), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v4i2.12175
Reeves, M. J., & Roberts, S. J. (2020). A bioecological perspective on talent identification in junior-elite soccer: A Pan-European perspective. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11–12), 1259–1268. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1702282
Syafruddin, Bakhtiar, S., & Famelia, R. (2020a). Children’s Motor Skill and Intervention: What Have We Known? https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200824.064
Syafruddin, Bakhtiar, S., & Famelia, R. (2020b). Indonesian and American Children: Object Control Skills Comparison. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(5), 756–761. https://doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201744
Syahputra, R., Bakhtiar, S., Marta, I. A., & Putri, L. P. (2021). The Profile of Students’ Locomotor Skills Level in Elementary School. Halaman Olahraga Nusantara (Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan), 4(2), 138. https://doi.org/10.31851/hon.v4i2.5378
Syahputra, R., Bakhtiar, S., Oktarifaldi, O., Rasyid, W., & Putri, L. P. (2020). Assistance In Learning Basic Early Childhood Motion Skills For Early Childhood Teachers In Pesisir Selatan Regency. 1(c), 1–13. http://jha.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/JHA/article/view/16/15
Webster, E. K., Martin, C. K., & Staiano, A. E. (2019). Fundamental motor skills, screen-time, and physical activity in preschoolers. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2018.11.006
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Zikrillah Agus Zafitra, Ibnu Andli Marta, Syahrial Bakhtiar, Sri Gusti Handayani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. License
Use of articles will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA)
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
Halaman Olahraga Nusantara's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Halaman Olahraga Nusantara permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work. Users will also need to attribute authors and Halaman Olahraga Nusantara on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;
1. Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
2. The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
3. The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
4. The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal Halaman Olahraga Nusantara.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Halaman Olahraga Nusantara will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. Halaman Olahraga Nusantara will only communicate with the corresponding author.
6. Royalties
Being an open accessed journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons license term mentioned, author(s) aware that Halaman Olahraga Nusantara entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
