Adaptive Leadership Transformation in Facing Educational Disruption in The Digital Era

Authors

  • Aan Anengsih UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten
  • Maryati Maryati UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten
  • Encep Saripudin UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten
  • Machdum Bacthtiar UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31851/jmksp.v10i2.20451

Keywords:

Adaptive leadership, educational disruption, digital era, educational transformation.

Abstract

This study examines the transformation of adaptive leadership in facing educational disruption in the digital era. The digital era has fundamentally changed the educational landscape, requiring educational leaders to adapt quickly to changes in technology, pedagogy, and stakeholder expectations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and strategies of effective adaptive leadership in responding to the challenges of digital disruption in educational institutions. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) model of journal articles, books, and relevant scientific publications from various academic databases for the period 2020-2025. The results show that adaptive leadership in the digital era is characterized by the ability to identify technological opportunities, flexibility in decision-making, empowerment of learning communities, and openness to innovation. Adaptive leaders are able to facilitate digital transformation by building a collaborative culture, developing digital literacy, and creating a learning ecosystem that is responsive to change. The findings also reveal the importance of balancing technology adoption and maintaining humanistic educational values. This study provides theoretical contributions regarding contemporary leadership models and practical implications for the development of educational leadership competencies in facing the challenges of the ever-evolving digital era.

References

Ajmi, H. R. A. (2024). Principals’ Leadership Skills to Meet the National Strategy for Education in Basic Schools. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 11(2), 413–421. https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v11i2.5644

Alajmi, M. (2022). The Impact of Digital Leadership on Teachers’ Technology Integration During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kuwait. International Journal of Educational Research, 112, 101928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101928

alwi, M. (2025). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dalam Penguatan Manajemen Kelembagaan Sekolah Penggerak: Studi Pada Sma Negeri 5 Pinrang. Bestari Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 6(2), 212–223. https://doi.org/10.46368/bjpd.v6i2.4644

Amos, O., Ogoti, E., & Siamoo, P. (2022). Shared Strategic Vision in Participative Leadership Style and Quality Education Provision in Public Secondary Schools in Arusha Region, Tanzania. British Journal of Education, 10(7), 51–74. https://doi.org/10.37745/bje.2013/vol10n7pp5174

Dagli, G., Muhtaroglu, M. B., Baştaş, M., Altınay, F., & Altınay, Z. (2023). Evaluation of Primary School Managers’ Duties in Digital Transformation. Revista De Gestão E Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review), 14(9), 15227–15249. https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i9.2524

Davids, A. I. R., Camarero‐Figuerola, M., & Camacho, M. d. M. (2025). Navigating the Challenges and Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence in Educational Leadership: A Scoping Review. Review of Education, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.70101

Durrani, N., & Makhmetova, Z. (2024). School Leaders’ Well-Being During Times of Crisis: Insights From a Quantitative Study in Kazakhstan. Education Sciences, 14(9), 942. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090942

Durrani, N., & Ozawa, V. (2024). Education in Emergencies: Mapping the Global Education Research Landscape in the Context of the COVID-19 Crisis. Sage Open, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241233402

Durrani, N., Qanay, G., Mir, G., Helmer, J., Polat, F., Karimova, N., & Temirbekova, A. (2023). Achieving SDG 4, Equitable Quality Education After COVID-19: Global Evidence and a Case Study of Kazakhstan. Sustainability, 15(20), 14725. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014725

Eadens, D. W., & Ceballos, M. (2022). Educational Leadership Preparation and Professional Roles: Are We Serving the Needs of Leadership Roles Along the Leadership Continuum? Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 18(2), 277–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/19427751221076416

Eko, E. P., Notosudjono, D., & Tukiran, M. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Keinovatifan Guru Di Kabupaten Bogor Melalui Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Ocb) Sebagai Mediasi. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 7(2), 341–356. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmieb.v7i2.24316

Fauzi, A., & Fadilah, M. (2024). Literatur Review: Implementasi Literasi Numerasi Pada Pembelajaran Biologi Di SMA. Biodik, 10(2), 132–137. https://doi.org/10.22437/biodik.v10i2.33802

Gabitanan, C. G. C. (2024). Technology Leadership Techniques and Competencies and the Teaching Effectiveness of the New Millennium. International Journal of Research Publications, 148(1). https://doi.org/10.47119/ijrp1001481520246454

Ghamrawi, N., Shal, T., & Ghamrawi, N. A. R. (2023). Exploring the Impact of AI on Teacher Leadership: Regressing or Expanding? Education and Information Technologies, 29(7), 8415–8433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12174-w

Gonzales, M. M. (2019). School Technology Leadership Vision and Challenges. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(4), 697–708. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-02-2019-0075

Grossmann, I., & Johnson, S. G. B. (2025). Cultivating Wisdom Through Metacognition: A New Frontier in Decision-Making Under Radical Uncertainty. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 14(3), 301–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/mac0000235

Gusenbauer, M., & Haddaway, N. (2020). Which Academic Search Systems Are Suitable for Systematic Reviews or Meta‐analyses? Evaluating Retrieval Qualities of Google Scholar, PubMed, and 26 Other Resources. Research Synthesis Methods, 11(2), 181–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1378

Hallinger, P., & Kovačević, J. (2021). Mapping the Intellectual Lineage of Educational Management, Administration and Leadership, 1972–2020. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(2), 192–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211006093

Hammad, W., Zaatari, W. E., & Al’Abri, K. (2023). Researching Higher Education Leadership and Management in Arab Countries: A Systematic Review. Management in Education, 39(4), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/08920206231156289

Hamzah, N., Nasir, M. K. M., & Wahab, J. A. (2021). The Effects of Principals’ Digital Leadership on Teachers’ Digital Teaching During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 8(2), 216–221. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2021.82.216.221

Harefa, A. S. (2023). Peran Audit Sebagai Pengendali Internal Dalam Mendeteksi Adanya Kecurangan Terhadap Laporan Keuangan. Jurnal Dinamika Sosial Budaya, 25(1), 252–263. https://doi.org/10.26623/jdsb.v25i1.4429

Haris, A., & Nuraeni, N. (2025). Adaptive Leadership in the Era of Disruption: Integrating Digital Transformation, Organizational Culture, and Teacher Performance (A Case Study of Muhammadiyah High Schools in Cianjur Regency). Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science, 6(2), 1649–1661. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v6i2.3961

Hartati, S., Nurdin, D., & Arisandi, D. (2023). Edukasi Kepemimpinan Digital Pada Pembelajaran Di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Abdurrab Pekanbaru. Jurnal Pengabdian Nasional (Jpn) Indonesia, 4(2), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.35870/jpni.v4i2.155

Hartati, S., Zohriah, A., BACHTIAR, M., Gunawan, A., & OKTAVIANA, F. (2025). Implementasi Kepemimpinan Kontingensi Dan Manajemen Konflik Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Di Sdit Daarut Taqwa Kec. Rajeg Tangerang-Banten. Social Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Ips, 4(4), 643–650. https://doi.org/10.51878/social.v4i4.4460

HARTINI, Y., NOORHAFIZAH, N., & NOVITAWATI, N. (2025). Studi Literature Review Peran Kepemimpinan Dan Strategi Manajeman Mutu Untuk Kinerja Dan Kualitas Pendidikan Yang Lebih Baik. Learning Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 5(1), 303–311. https://doi.org/10.51878/learning.v5i1.4339

Imadoeddin, I., Taufik, A., Bari, A. A., & Syaiful, S. (2025). Kepemimpinan Adaptif Di Era Vuca: Strategi Kepala Sekolah Dalam Mengelola Ketidakpastian Dan Kompleksitas Dunia Pendidikan. Manajerial Jurnal Inovasi Manajemen Dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 5(2), 622–633. https://doi.org/10.51878/manajerial.v5i2.6578

Jamil, A. S. (2025). Revitalisasi Pendidikan Kejuruan Di Indonesia Melalui Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran. Belantika Pendidikan, 8(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.47213/bp.v8i1.409

Karakose, T., Polat, H., & Papadakis, S. (2021). Examining Teachers’ Perspectives on School Principals’ Digital Leadership Roles and Technology Capabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 13(23), 13448. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313448

Khurniawan, A. W., Irmawaty, I., & Supriadi, D. (2024). The Impact of Digital Leadership on Digital Transformation in University Organizations: An Analysis of Students’ Views. Perspectives of Science and Education, 67(1), 677–690. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2024.1.38

Liu, S., & Yin, H. (2020). How Ethical Leadership Influences Professional Learning Communities via Teacher Obligation and Participation in Decision Making: A Moderated-Mediation Analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 51(2), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220975766

Mallillin, L. L. D. (2022). Adaptive Theory Approach in Leadership. International Journal of Asian Education, 3(4), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.46966/ijae.v3i4.282

Mariam, S., & Suriansyah, A. (2025). Kepemimpinan Adaptif Dalam Paud: Menjawab Dinamika Sosial Dan Teknologi. Edukids Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.51878/edukids.v5i1.6265

Maryadi, M., Utami, H. N., Prasеtya, A., & Hutahayan, B. (2025). Mapping the Intellectual Landscape of Employee Performance Research: A Bibliometric and Mapping Analysis (2020–2025). F1000research, 14, 633. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.165774.2

Moyo, Z., Perumal, J., & Hallinger, P. (2020). Struggling to Make a Difference Against the Odds: A Synthesis of Qualitative Research on Women Leading Schools in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(10), 1577–1594. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-01-2020-0015

Nooruddin, S., & Bhamani, S. (2019). Engagement of School Leadership in Teachers’ Continuous Professional Development: A Case Study. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 6(1), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v6i1.1549

Novita, P. A., & Meilani, Y. F. C. P. (2025). Rekonstruksi Teori Kepemimpinan Pendidikan: Membangun Kerangka Holistik Bagi Sekolah Abad Ke-21 [Reconstructing Educational Leadership Theory: Building a Holistic Framework for 21st Century Schools]. Feedforward Journal of Human Resource, 28–40. https://doi.org/10.19166/ff.v5i1.9577

NS, M., Rahman, A., & Habiburrahman, S. (2022). Madrasah Leadership in the Post COVID-19 Era: Lesson Learn From Crisis in Indonesia. Eduline Journal of Education and Learning Innovation, 2(2), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.35877/454ri.eduline1037

Nurdin, D., Suryadi, S., Murfiah, U., & Amin, A. (2025). Training to Strengthen Competency of School Principals in the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum. Dinamisia Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 9(2), 549–555. https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v9i2.23440

Paniagua, J., Villó, C., & Escrivá-Beltrán, M. (2022). Cross-Border Higher Education: The Expansion of International Branch Campuses. Research in Higher Education, 63(6), 1037–1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-022-09674-y

Parveen, K., Tran, P. Q. B., Alghamdi, A. A., Namaziandost, E., Aslam, S., & Xiaowei, T. (2022). Identifying the Leadership Challenges of K-12 Public Schools During COVID-19 Disruption: A Systematic Literature Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.875646

Peña, S., Willam, Prieto, V., Damián, R., Arista, L., Yesica, L. V, Nazareth, A. d., Imán, G., & Ariadne, L. (2024). Leadership in the Employees of a Public Institution, Cajamarca. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, 1521–1534. https://doi.org/10.70082/esiculture.vi.1593

Rahiem, M. D. H. (2020). The Emergency Remote Learning Experience of University Students in Indonesia Amidst the COVID-19 Crisis. International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research, 19(6), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.6.1

Rahmansyah, R. (2022). The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Motivation on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Primary Schools. Al-Ishlah Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(3), 3111–3120. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i3.955

Recalde, J. M., Palau, R., Agustí, M. F., & Cebrián, G. (2021). Smart Schools on the Way: How School Principals From Catalonia Approach the Future of Education Within the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Learning Environments Research, 25(3), 875–893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-021-09398-3

Rodríguez-Abitia, G., & Bribiesca-Correa, G. (2021). Assessing Digital Transformation in Universities. Future Internet, 13(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13020052

Sarid, A., & Binhas, A. (2023). Educational Leadership for Migrant and Refugee Education: Challenges and Dilemmas in the Israeli Context. Journal of Educational Administration, 61(4), 423–438. https://doi.org/10.1108/jea-10-2022-0180

Senadjki, A., Nee, A. Y. H., Ganapathy, T., & Ogbeibu, S. (2023). Unlocking the Potential: The impact of Digital Leadership On firms’ Performance Through Digital Transformation. Journal of Business and Socio-Economic Development, 4(2), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.1108/jbsed-06-2023-0050

Sitompul, L. R., Japar, M., Sukardjo, M., Azhar, M. H., & Saepuloh, L. (2023). Kepemimpinan Digital Masa Depan Melalui Pendidikan Karakter Generasi Alpha [Future Digital Leadership Through Character Education for the Alpha Generation]. Polyglot Jurnal Ilmiah, 19(2), 139. https://doi.org/10.19166/pji.v19i2.6465

Sowden, W. (2025). Wisdom at Work: Cultivating Perspectival Metacognition for Adaptive Leadership. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 14(3), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/mac0000247

Striepe, M., & Cunningham, C. (2021). Understanding Educational Leadership During Times of Crises: A Scoping Review. Journal of Educational Administration, 60(2), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1108/jea-03-2021-0057

Sukandi, P. (2024). Transformation of Higher Education Through Digital Leadership (Systematic Literature Review). Ilomata International Journal of Management, 5(4), 1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijjm.v5i4.1239

Suryadi, S., & Syahrul, S. (2021). Determining the Direction of the Pesantren (Empowering Leadership Practice at PM Gontor 6 Putera, Southeast Sulawesi). Shautut Tarbiyah, 27(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.31332/str.v27i1.2862

Tanucan, J. C. M., Negrido, C. V, & Malaga, G. N. (2022). Digital Leadership of School Heads and Job Satisfaction of Teachers in the Philippines During the Pandemic. International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research, 21(10), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.10.1

Utami, I. T., Surur, M., Sholihin, A., Rusdi, Z. A., Faradila, Y. D., & Kurama’i, Z. (2022). Analisis Efektifitas Pembelajaran Online Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pembangunan Pendidikan Fondasi Dan Aplikasi, 9(2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.21831/jppfa.v9i2.44748

Wang, R., & Ma, K. (2025). Trends in the Application of Citizen Science in Waterbird Conservation: A Bibliometric Analysis. Animals, 15(3), 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030368

Wilcox, S. M. (2022). Queering School Leadership Preparation Curricula for Gender Justice in Public Schooling. Journal of School Leadership, 33(2), 163–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/10526846221149213

Downloads

Published

2025-12-16

How to Cite

Adaptive Leadership Transformation in Facing Educational Disruption in The Digital Era. (2025). JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, Dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 10(2), 1350-1364. https://doi.org/10.31851/jmksp.v10i2.20451