Potensi Antibakteri Serat Nano dari Ekstrak Tanaman Obat Indonesia: Tinjauan Fitokimia dan Teknologi Elektrospinning

Atina Atina; Putri Kartiwi; Jiani Fahera

doi:10.31851/jupiter.v6i2.16961

Authors

Atina Atina Department of Physics, Universitas PGRI Palembang
Putri Kartiwi Universitas PGRI Palembang
Jiani Fahera Universitas PGRI Palembang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31851/jupiter.v6i2.16961

Abstract

Pengembangan serat nano berbasis tanaman obat melalui teknologi elektrospinning telah menarik minat besar dalam penelitian antibakteri karena karakteristik fisika unik dari serat nano, seperti luas permukaan yang tinggi dan porositas yang dapat disesuaikan. Artikel ini membahas potensi antibakteri serat nano yang dihasilkan dari ekstrak tanaman obat asli Indonesia, dengan fokus pada tinjauan skrining fitokimia dan teknik elektrospinning. Metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, dan saponin yang terkandung dalam tanaman obat Indonesia diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Proses elektrospinning memungkinkan pembuatan serat nano dengan diameter submikron hingga nanometer, yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas antibakteri melalui distribusi yang merata dari komponen bioaktif. Artikel ini juga mengulas prinsip fisika yang mendasari proses elektrospinning, termasuk pengaruh parameter tegangan, jarak nozzle-kolektor, dan viskositas larutan terhadap morfologi serat. Tantangan utama yang dihadapi dalam produksi serat nano berbasis tanaman obat meliputi homogenisasi ekstrak dalam matriks polimer dan optimisasi parameter fisik untuk menghasilkan serat yang stabil dan fungsional. Di samping itu, tinjauan ini juga membahas potensi aplikasi serat nano dalam bidang medis, seperti wound dressing dan pembalut antimikroba, serta implikasi fisika dari interaksi serat nano dengan permukaan bakteri. Kesimpulannya, meskipun penelitian ini menjanjikan, diperlukan pengembangan lebih lanjut untuk memaksimalkan efektivitas antibakteri serat nano melalui pendekatan interdisipliner yang mencakup aspek fitokimia dan fisika.

Author Biography

Atina Atina, Department of Physics, Universitas PGRI Palembang

SINTA ID : 104270

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