Fabrication of an Environmentally Friendly Bio-Battery Based on Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and MgSO₄ as Ion Sources with Tapioca Starch as the Matrix

M. Rian Martadinata; Dui Yanto Rahman; Abdul Azis

doi:10.31851/jupiter.v7i2.21298

Authors

M. Rian Martadinata Program Studi Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik dan Informatika, Universitas PGRI Palembang
Dui Yanto Rahman Program Studi Fisika, F.SAINTEK Universitas PGRI Palembang
Abdul Azis Program Studi Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik dan Informatika, Universitas PGRI Palembang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31851/jupiter.v7i2.21298

Keywords:

Bio-battery, solid electrolyte, lime (Citrus aurantifolia), MgSO₄, ionic conductivity

Abstract

This study aims to develop and evaluate the performance of an environmentally friendly bio-battery based on natural materials, namely lime (Citrus aurantifolia), magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), and tapioca starch as a biodegradable solid electrolyte matrix. Lime extract was utilized as a natural acidic electrolyte source, MgSO₄ functioned to enhance ionic conductivity, while tapioca starch served as a structural support for the solid electrolyte system.The bio-battery was synthesized by varying the volume of lime juice (1–7 mL) and the mass of MgSO₄ (1–7 g), followed by measurements of voltage, current, and solid electrolyte resistance. The results indicate that increasing the lime juice volume up to 5 mL significantly improved the electrical performance of the bio-battery, yielding a maximum voltage of 0.845 V, a current of 0.23 mA, and the lowest resistance of 15.15 kΩ. Furthermore, the addition of MgSO₄ at a fixed lime juice volume (5 mL) demonstrated optimal performance at 3 g, producing a voltage of 0.812 V, a current of 0.33 mA, and a minimum resistance of 11.48 kΩ. Increasing the MgSO₄ content beyond this optimum value resulted in higher resistance and reduced electrical output.Overall, the findings demonstrate that the optimal combination of lime extract, MgSO₄, and tapioca starch exhibits strong potential for the development of an eco-friendly bio-battery with favorable ionic conductivity characteristics based on renewable resources

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