Optimization of CuSO₄ and Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera) Concentrations in a Tapioca Starch-Based Solid Electrolyte System to Enhance Bio-Battery Performance

Halwa Muthmainnah; Rita Sulistyowati; Dui Yanto Rahman

doi:10.31851/jupiter.v8i1.22327

Authors

Halwa Muthmainnah MAS Husnul Khotimah
Rita Sulistyowati Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Palembang
Dui Yanto Rahman Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Palembang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31851/jupiter.v8i1.22327

Keywords:

CuSO₄; Bio-battery; Energies; Coconut water

Abstract

Utilization of natural materials from biological resources has become a key approach in the development of sustainable energy technologies that are environmentally friendly and low in waste production. This study aims to develop an eco-friendly bio-battery by optimizing the concentration of CuSO₄ and coconut water (Cocos nucifera) in a tapioca starch-based solid electrolyte system to enhance its performance. The bio-battery structure comprises CuSO₄ and coconut water as ionic sources, tapioca starch as the electrolyte matrix, and graphite and aluminum as the cathode and anode electrodes, respectively. The solid electrolyte was prepared by mixing various masses of CuSO₄ into distilled water and coconut water, followed by blending with tapioca starch until a homogeneous solid was formed. The results show that bio-batteries utilizing coconut water-based electrolytes exhibit better performance than those using distilled water. The battery with distilled water yielded a maximum voltage and current of 0.620 V and 6.4 mA, respectively, at 4 grams of CuSO₄. In contrast, the battery using coconut water as a solvent produced a maximum current of 79 mA at 6 grams of CuSO₄, with an ionic conductivity of 1.39 S/m, indicating a tenfold increase in current output. These findings suggest that natural ions in coconut water significantly enhance the conductivity and capacitance of the electrolyte, contributing to improved bio-battery performance and stability. This research highlights the significant potential of natural materials in the development of more efficient and sustainable bio-batteries, supporting the implementation of environmentally friendly technologies toward a zero-waste society.

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