Potensi Agen Imunostimulan Rumput Laut Dalam Modulasi Hemosit Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Lili Suharli; Mardiana Hamjah; Adi Suriyadin; Milis

doi:10.31851/jipbp.v19i1.13257

Authors

Lili Suharli Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati, Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa
Mardiana Hamjah Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati, Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa
Adi Suriyadin Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa
Milis Balai Karantina Ikan Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31851/jipbp.v19i1.13257

Keywords:

Immunostimulants, Hemocytes, Seaweed, Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Pertahanan pertama terhadap penyakit pada udang vaname dilakukan oleh hemosit. Hemosit merupakan salah satu sel imun utama pada udang. Salah satu upaya dalam penanggulangan dan pencegahan penyakit udang adalah melalui peningkatan sistem pertahanan tubuh udang, yaitu dengan menggunakan imunostimulan. Rumput laut Sargasum sp., Eucheuma sp. dan Ulva sp. merupakan sumberdaya laut yang potensial sebagai sumber fitokimia yang mempunyai aktifitas biologi yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Rumput laut ini memiliki kandungan seperti tannin, flavonoid, dan polisakarida sulfat yang mampu meningkatkan jumlah hemosit dan pertahanan tubuh pada udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas modulasi hemosit dan pertumbuan udang vaname. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Dosis masing-masing perlakuan yaitu 0,5 gram, 1 gram, 2 gram dan kontrol. Parameter pengamatan terdiri dari Total Haemocite Count (THC), Differensial Haemosite Count (DHC) dan Pertumbuhan pada udang vaname. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa THC dan DHC tertinggi didapat pada perlakuan pemberian ekstrak Euchema sp. dosis 2 gram dengan nilai THC sebesar 12.75x10⁴ cell/ml dan DHC sebesar 0.51%, serta pertumbuhan udang vaname dengan bobot 29.87 gram dan panjang 19.66 cm. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak rumput laut memberikan pengaruh dalam sistem pertahanan udang melalui parameter THC dan DHC serta peningkatan pertumbuhan panjang dan berat udang. Penggunaan ekstrak rumput laut Sargasum sp., Eucheuma sp. dan Ulva sp. sebagai immunostimulan dengan konsentrasi 2 gram memberikan pengaruh positif dalam modulasi hemosi serta pertumbuhan udang vaname.

The first defense against disease in white shrimp is carried out by hemocytes. Hemocytes are one of the main immune cells in shrimp. One of the efforts to overcome and prevent shrimp diseases is by increasing the shrimp's body defense system, namely by using immunostimulants. Seaweed Sargasum sp., Eucheuma sp. and Ulva sp. is a marine resource that has potential as a source of phytochemicals that have biological activities that are beneficial for health. This seaweed contains ingredients such as tannins, flavonoids and sulfate polysaccharides which can increase the number of hemocytes and body defenses in shrimp. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of hemocyte modulation and growth of vaname shrimp. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The doses for each treatment were 0.5 grams, 1 gram, 2 grams and control. The observation parameters consist of Total Haemocite Count (THC), Differential Haemosite Count (DHC) and Growth in vaname shrimp. The research results showed that the highest THC and DHC were obtained in the treatment of Euchema sp extract. a dose of 2 grams with a THC value of 12.75x10⁴ cells/ml and a DHC of 0.51%, as well as the growth of vaname shrimp with a weight of 29.87 grams and a length of 19.66 cm. So it can be concluded that the administration of seaweed extract has an influence on the shrimp defense system through the parameters THC and DHC as well as increasing the growth in length and weight of shrimp. Use of seaweed extract Sargasum sp., Eucheuma sp. and Ulva sp. as an immunostimulant with a concentration of 2 grams, it has a positive influence in modulating hemorrhage and growth of vaname shrimp.

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