Analisis Struktur Vegetasi dan Dominansi Spesies Mangrove di Pulau Panjang, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Sebagai Dasar Pengelolaan Ekosistem Pesisir

Dinda Mardiani Lubis; Arthur Muhammad  Farhaby; Azizah Azizah; Mito Mito; Juanda Nikola  Pratama; Tias  Aditia; Pilip Noel Parnangkok  Pasaribu; Iqbal  Febrizhad; Muhammad Thoriq  Adha

doi:10.31851/9fdjj014

Authors

Dinda Mardiani Lubis Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Bangka Belitung
Arthur Muhammad Farhaby Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Bangka Belitung
Azizah Azizah Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Bangka Belitung
Mito Mito Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Bangka Belitung
Juanda Nikola Pratama Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Bangka Belitung
Tias Aditia Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Bangka Belitung
Pilip Noel Parnangkok Pasaribu Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Bangka Belitung
Iqbal Febrizhad Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Bangka Belitung
Muhammad Thoriq Adha Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Bangka Belitung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31851/9fdjj014

Keywords:

mangrove, struktur vegetasi, dominansi spesies, Nilai Indeks Penting, Pulau Panjang

Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Panjang, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, menunjukkan dominansi tinggi oleh genus Rhizophora yang mencerminkan homogenitas komunitas dan potensi penurunan ketahanan ekosistem terhadap tekanan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur vegetasi dan dominansi spesies mangrove melalui perhitungan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) sebagai dasar pengelolaan pesisir berkelanjutan. Data vegetasi dikumpulkan menggunakan metode transek garis dan plot kuadran pada delapan stasiun pengamatan, dengan parameter kerapatan, frekuensi, dan dominansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Rhizophora mucronata memiliki INP tertinggi (125,27), diikuti Rhizophora stylosa (100,37), sedangkan Rhizophora apiculata (45,79) dan Sonneratia alba (28,57) memberikan kontribusi rendah. Pola dominansi ini menunjukkan penurunan fungsi ekologis terutama pada zona depan mangrove. Diperlukan pengayaan jenis dengan penanaman Sonneratia alba dan spesies pelengkap lain untuk memulihkan zonasi alami dan memperkuat resiliensi ekosistem. Temuan dalam penelitian ini memberikan dasar ilmiah bagi kebijakan pengelolaan mangrove di wilayah pesisir Bangka Tengah.

The mangrove ecosystem on Panjang Island, Central Bangka Regency, is highly dominated by the genus Rhizophora, reflecting low community heterogeneity and reduced ecosystem resilience to environmental pressures. This study aimed to analyze the vegetation structure and species dominance of mangroves using the Importance Value Index (IVI) as a scientific basis for sustainable coastal management. Vegetation data were collected through line transect and quadrat plot methods at eight observation stations, measuring density, frequency, and dominance. Results showed that Rhizophora mucronata had the highest IVI (125.27), followed by Rhizophora stylosa (100.37), while Rhizophora apiculata (45.79) and the pioneer species Sonneratia alba (28.57) had lower contributions. This dominance pattern indicates declining ecological function, particularly in the front mangrove zone. Enrichment planting of Sonneratia alba and other complementary species is recommended to restore natural zonation and enhance ecosystem resilience. These findings provide a scientific basis for sustainable mangrove management policies in the coastal areas of Central Bangka.

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