ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA SD DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN CACAH DAN PEMBERIAN SCAFFOLDING

Abstract

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah di kelas III SD Negeri 2 Sumberejo dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita materi operasi hitung bilangan cacah. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 19 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil tes, diambil 3 siswa dari subjek berkemampuan rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Instrumen penelitian yaitu tes yang berupa soal uraian dengan materi operasi hitung bilangan cacah, kemudian dilakukan wawancara dan scaffolding. Dari hasil tes tersebut dilakukan analisis dan penarikan kesimpulan, lalu diberikan scaffolding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan subjek berkemampuan rendah yaitu kesalahan konsep berupa kurangnya memahami isi yang ada pada soal, dan kesalahan prosedur  berupa siswa tidak menyelesaikan sampai hasil akhir, memecahkan masalah soal cerita tidak dilakukan dengan baik sehingga berpengaruh terhadap hasil jawaban yang diperoleh. Jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan subjek berkemampuan sedang yaitu   kesalahan konsep dan kesalahan prosedur. Jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan subjek berkemampuan tinggi yaitu kesalahan prosedur berupa siswa kurang tepat saat menghitung hasil akhir. Cara pemberian scaffolding kepada anak berkemampuan rendah dan sedang dengan cara peninjauan kembali, penjelasan, dan penguatan. Sedangkan anak berkemampuan tinggi pemberian scaffolding dengan cara penguatan saja.

                                                                                                                  

Kata kunci : analisis kesalahan, soal cerita, scaffolding

 

ABSTRACT

This study aims to find out the students' mistakes in solving problems in class III SD Negeri 2 Sumberejo in solving story problems in counting numbers. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects consisted of 19 students. Based on the test results, 3 students were taken from low, medium, and high ability subjects. The research instrument was a test in the form of a description of the material with a count operation number, then conducted interviews and scaffolding. From the test results the analysis and conclusion are taken, then scaffolding is given. The results showed the type of error made by low-ability subjects, namely concept errors in the form of a lack of understanding of the contents of the questions, and procedural errors in the form of students not completing until the final results, solving problems with story problems were not done well so that it affected the results of the answers obtained. The types of errors made by subjects with moderate ability are concept errors and procedural errors. The type of mistakes made by highly capable subjects is procedural errors in the form of students being incorrect when calculating the final results. How to provide scaffolding to children with low and moderate abilities by way of review, explanation, and reinforcement. While high-ability children giving scaffolding by way of reinforcement.

Keywords : error analysis, story matter, scaffolding