Enabling Maritime 4.0 through LoRa-Based Engine Room Monitoring Systems: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31851/5v0zhg21Keywords:
Maritime 4.0, LoRa, IoT, Engine Room Monitoring, ShipsAbstract
The maritime industry is undergoing a significant digital transformation driven by the emergence of Maritime 4.0, which emphasizes the integration of smart communication networks, Internet of Things (IoT) technology, real-time monitoring, and data-driven decision-making systems. Among these technologies, Long Range (LoRa) communication is gaining increasing attention due to its low power consumption, wide communication range, and suitability for distributed sensor applications in shipboard environments. However, research on the role of LoRa-based ship engine room monitoring systems in supporting Maritime 4.0 remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic review of the current state of knowledge regarding the development, applications, opportunities, and challenges of LoRa-based ship engine room monitoring systems for commercial ships. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review approach following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Relevant publications were identified through major academic databases and screened using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected studies were analyzed through thematic synthesis to identify key research trends and technological developments. Findings indicate that LoRa-based monitoring systems have evolved from simple wireless communication solutions into supporting infrastructure for smart engine room operations. The literature highlights their contributions to real-time condition monitoring and the Internet of Marine Things ecosystem. Additionally, the integration of LoRa with artificial intelligence, digital twins, and low-power sensor networks emerges as a key research direction. Despite these advancements, challenges related to operational capability, cybersecurity, large-scale deployment, and real-world validation remain inadequately addressed. This review concludes that LoRa-based engine room monitoring systems represent a critical technological foundation for Maritime 4.0 and offer significant potential to enhance the efficiency, reliability, safety, and sustainability of future commercial shipping operations.
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