Development of an ESP32-Based 24 VDC Automatic Transfer Switch for Uninterrupted DC Power Supply
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31851/ampere.v11.i1.22010Keywords:
Automatic Transfer Switch, ESP32, Solid State Relay, PZEM-004T, PZEM-017Abstract
Disturbances in the main power source can cause DC loads to stop operating and may damage industrial equipment. Designing an ESP32-based 24VDC Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) hardware system to ensure DC load power continuity was the goal of this project. Solid State Relays (SSR1 and SSR2) were controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller that processed data from the PZEM-004T AC sensor and the PZEM-017 DC sensor. SSRs were chosen because of their long operating lifetime and rapid switching speed. The PZEM-004T sensor demonstrated a mean error of 0.22% during evaluation, while the PZEM-017 sensor registered a deviation of 1.86%. The automatic system achieved an average transfer time of 1.06 s from the power supply to the battery and 1.10 s from the battery back to the power supply. The developed hardware successfully maintained power continuity for DC loads automatically.
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